Chiang Kai-shek :: Essays Papers

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek, also known as Chiang Chung-cheng, was the son of a middle-class wine merchandiser who lived in the village of Chikow in Chekiang Province. When he was fourteen years old, following the Chinese custom of that time, he was arranged to be marry by his stick (the brides name is not workforcetioned). His bride and he did not see each other until his walk down the aisle. He did this without complaints only to please his mother. at a time he was married he met his brides parents, as was tradition. Due to Chiangs bad temper, the meeting cease in arguments between Chiang and his brides father. Once home he tried to keep his mind out of the marriage and concentrated more on what kind of man he wanted to become. He dreamed of go a soldier. He saw adventure in a military career and felt comfortable with the demand for authority, order, and strength. Though his family objected and hoped for him to study law, he went off to Tokyo Military Staff College in 1 907. There he became a follower of the revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen. This encouraged him in 1911 to take disassemble in the revolt that established the Chinese Republic. In 1917 when Sun established the Guangzhou government, Chiang was his military aide. Sun sent him to the USSR to study Russia military methods and was more than willing to go. He got a good response from the people there. Not only did they give him advice but they also sent thirty or so military men as help. One of these men, named Michael Borodin suggested that they start a military academy in China. They placed it in Whampoa and named it the Whampoa Military Academy. Their main goal was to demand and deserve respect. Once opened they received 1,500 applicants. It planned to register only 300.Sun began to encourage Chiangs participation in the Nationalist party. After Sun died in 1925, Chiang became a powerful figure in the it and in 1926 took command of the Nationalist army. This was called the Northern Expedition, entering into Shanghai, Hankou, and Nanjing. Chiang initiated the long civil war between the Nationalist government and the Communists.. This was ended in 1936 by General Chang Hsueh-liang who hoped to unite in defense of the approaching Japanese. Many felt that unity could not be achieved unless Chiang were removed as commander-in-chief point before the expedition was completed.

A Comparison of Fierceness in Beowulf and in The Saga of King Hrolf Kra

Fierceness in Beowulf and in The Saga of power Hrolf Kraki Is rage mentioned only in Beowulf or is it an element common besides to this famous Icelandic saga? Is fierceness described the same way as in Beowulf? The Anglo-Saxons prior to 1000AD were as a race fierce. They possessed great courage. Beowulf reflects their fierceness and courage in a variety of ways. Beowulf complains to Unferth in the Danish court Grendel would never have done such horrors if you were so fierce as you suppose. The hero, who had preceding killed nine sea monsters, opted to face Grendel in mortal combat WITHOUT sword or shield or the assistance of others but I shall seize my adversary in my hand grip and fight. Later when the heros sword failed against Grendels Mother, he remained resolute and seized her by the shoulder and fought till victory came. then Beowulf, fierce in war, received the cup from Wealhtheow. Later, the hero went up against and killed Daghrefin, the Huga champion, without weapo ns Nor was my sword his death, but my hand grasp broke his bone-house, tore out his surging heart. by and by fifty years of kingship, when the fire dragon molested his people, Beowulf, the old man, did not lose his fierceness he was ready to die life from body parted I am brave in mind. In the final battle brave Wiglaf showed his own fierceness and advanced to help his lord who was englulfed in flames With him I testament embrace the fire he doesnt deserve to suffer alone. The Anglo-Saxons were also fierce in the sense that they delighted in slaughter. George Clark in Beowulf states regarding the epic Swords, shields, coats of ring-mail, helmets with sourmounted squealer figures . . . all furnish the poem and are ... ... husband force Hjorvard to rebel against King Hrolf. With her magic King Hrolf was killed along with his forces. So the story ends on a sad note due to the fierceness of a diabolical queen. In conclusion, the type of fierceness mentioned in Beowulf is comm on also to this famous Icelandic saga, The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki. Additionally, there are other types of fierceness in the latter associated with maiden-warriors and with the use of magic. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, Michael, translator. The Earliest English Poems. New York Penguin Books, 1991. Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York Anchor Books, 1977. Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1990. The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, translated by Jesse L. Byock. New York Penguin Books, 1998.

Gender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls by Alice Munro Essay

Gender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls Recent history boldly notes the protests and political unrest surrounding the Vietnam Conflict during the 1960s and 70s. However, equally important in this era are the women who pushed for gender role reevaluation and publicly rebelled against the established loving norm of a womans place. Although Alice rice beer may not have been burning her bra on the courthouse steps, threads of a feminist influence can be found in Boys and Girls. sakes main character, a girl probably modeled after Munros own childhood experiences on an Ontario farm, faces her awakening body and the challenge of growth her tender identity in a mans world. The girl, an unnamed character, acts as a universal symbol for the initiation of a girl into womanhood. Through first-person narrative, Munro situation the girls views of her budding muliebrity and social identity by describing the girls conceptions of her parents work, her parallel to the wild mar e Flora, and the mysterious alterations (Munro 474) in her personal nightly stories. As if to forsake her femininity and forego a life of confinement and housework, the girl reveres her fathers work and condemns her mothers duties. The sum of the girls respect seems to lie with her father, as is evident in her reference to his work out of doors as ritualistically important (468). On the other hand, while the girl recognizes that her mother is busy, she still considers her mothers work in the house to be endless, dreary and peculiarly depressing (468). The parting between her parents tasks is especially apparent in the girls reaction to her mothers presence at the barn. She feels threatened by her... ...hether this quantifies complete acceptance with the girl, however, is not solidified by Munro due to the final sentence Maybe it was true (475). Through opinion, comparison, and imagination Munro details the girls journey from a rebellious tomboy to a late bloom ing woman. The characteristics so endearing to the girls underdeveloped identity, such as her assistance in Floras escape and her unwillingness comment13 to easily submit to the social constraints of life as a woman, also lend themselves to her universality as a representative to initiation to femininity. Munros own personal views of femininity arguably color this work, Boys and Girls. Works Cited Munro, Alice. Boys and Girls. The Norton opening to Literature. Eds. Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. 6th ed. New York Norton, 1995. 465-75. Gender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls by Alice Munro EssayGender Role Reevaluation in Boys and Girls Recent history boldly notes the protests and political unrest surrounding the Vietnam Conflict during the 1960s and 70s. However, equally important in this era are the women who pushed for gender role reevaluation and publicly rebelled against the established social norm of a womans place. Although A lice Munro may not have been burning her bra on the courthouse steps, threads of a feminist influence can be found in Boys and Girls. Munros main character, a girl probably modeled after Munros own childhood experiences on an Ontario farm, faces her awakening body and the challenge of developing her social identity in a mans world. The girl, an unnamed character, acts as a universal symbol for the initiation of a girl into womanhood. Through first-person narrative, Munro garment the girls views of her budding femininity and social identity by describing the girls conceptions of her parents work, her parallel to the wild mare Flora, and the mysterious alterations (Munro 474) in her personal nightly stories. As if to forsake her femininity and forego a life of confinement and housework, the girl reveres her fathers work and condemns her mothers duties. The sum of the girls respect seems to lie with her father, as is evident in her reference to his work outdoors as ri tualistically important (468). On the other hand, while the girl recognizes that her mother is busy, she still considers her mothers work in the house to be endless, dreary and peculiarly depressing (468). The course of instruction between her parents tasks is especially apparent in the girls reaction to her mothers presence at the barn. She feels threatened by her... ...hether this quantifies complete acceptance with the girl, however, is not solidified by Munro due to the final sentence Maybe it was true (475). Through opinion, comparison, and imagination Munro details the girls journey from a rebellious tomboy to a soft blooming woman. The characteristics so endearing to the girls developing identity, such as her assistance in Floras escape and her unwillingness comment13 to easily submit to the social constraints of life as a woman, also lend themselves to her universality as a representative to initiation to femininity. Munros own personal views of femininity arguably color this work, Boys and Girls. Works Cited Munro, Alice. Boys and Girls. The Norton entry to Literature. Eds. Carl E. Bain, Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. 6th ed. New York Norton, 1995. 465-75.

College Application Essay -- Sample Application Essay

If money is your hope for independence, you will never have it. The solely real security a man will have in this world is a reserve of knowledge, experience and ability Henry Ford.I specialize myself as a student with high spirits of enthusiasm to learn and lead. I never had a satisfaction that can halt my education, since one goes maintain on learning things, the need to learn more pops out. A person like me with high aims and aspirations always fetches to consider a perfect platform to grab as much of knowledge as I can. In that professionalcess, I came across through a order of universities among which State University just caught my attention with its utmost emerging research and eminent faculty from across the globe.In the in truth beginning of my academic pursuit, I effected that I am highly interested in the aspects of theoretical learning followed by a practical application and my exposure to the real world applications reflected in my resume at my various projects wit h different applications legions is evident that my thirst of knowledge is not a little tiny one. With the intervention of computer, things turned out very simple to the common public on one hand and on the other hand, it is complex to the manufacturers and providers. I started my education at my hometown and been one among the brilliant and hotheaded students in my class. Graduate my tenth grade at Nehru Niketan English Medium High School in my hometown. My interest towards the computers and their mechanisms kept on increasing with my age, that drove me opt Mathematics, physics and chemistry in my intermediate and stood one among the talented students in my batch. Then its time to decide on what am going to build my career, and then my ever lasting interest on computers... ...cal Health). In the project of patient portal I worked on Microsoft SQL server 2008, using ASP. Net, C, HTML, and Microsoft visual studio 2010. Also worked among the coding team. I got good enough skills to develop more such kind of technologies, which are unfeignedly necessary, and those can satisfy the needs of consumers. My deep interest in your esteemed university is with a hope of getting the perfect platform to enhance my skills and develop the models, which rectify the applications with human interface with the research-oriented techniques. State University would be the right place to quench my thirst for knowledge. Hope to see a positive reply from you all. I explained my pros and cons where now its my turn to wait for the opportunity. Opportunity does not knock, it presents itself when you beat down the door keyle Chandler.Thank you,

Reading Towards New Heights :: Education Educating Teaching Essays

Reading Towards New HeightsEnvision a world wherein many students are woolly when a college instructor opens a textbook filled with the works of authors from the ancient world. Does this even happen in colleges and universities? This does happen in classrooms around the world, and I wish to be able to impact the future generations that will one-day grace the halls of a college or university. Education impacts an individuals life every day, and I start always envisioned myself educating students to a greater extent than many students would feel capable of accomplishing.Yet how did a child who once dreamt of being a attorney ever decide to become a teacher? In middle school, I began to read novels and write short stories. The literacy rate to me seemed to be diminishing. Students no prolonged found joy in picking up a book and becoming engrossed in a novel. At that point in my life, I fateed to my fellow classmates to find the pleasure in reading and writing that I did, but no on e would really listen. As long as I can remember I have desired to make a difference in someones life, and the opportunity finally prevailed in high school. I had the opportunity to tutor a young child in reading and when she had finally accomplished the feat of reading, I was overjoyed because she grew to retire reading. But when I looked at my classmates, they were all groaning about the selections that our teachers had given us. I suppose that seeing a young child enjoy reading shake me to want to teach high school literature. I wanted older students to feel the passion of reading a novel that they actually connected with. I wanted to be the teacher that bridged the gap between reading and teenagers. But how will I engage their minds for the great works of literature that will buzz off them reasoning skills?In order to engage my students in the joys of reading, I plan to use a philosophy renowned for its able to focus on ideas, concepts, and books. My have sex for the great w orks of literature from the ancient world has allowed me to accept the philosophy of perennialism as my teaching philosophy. The Great Books are a selection of world-renowned books that I want my students to read and thoroughly attain knowledge from. Mortimer Adler once said, The Great Books of ancient and medieval as well as modern times are a repository of knowledge and wisdom, a tradition of culture which must initiate each generation (356, Teachers, Schools, and Society).

Reading Towards New Heights :: Education Educating Teaching Essays

Reading Towards New HeightsEnvision a field wherein many students are lost when a college instructor opens a textbook filled with the work of authors from the ancient world. Does this even happen in colleges and universities? This does happen in classrooms around the world, and I want to be competent to impact the future generations that will one-day grace the halls of a college or university. Education impacts an individuals deportment every day, and I have always envisioned myself educating students to a greater extent than many students would feel capable of accomplishing.Yet how did a claw who formerly dreamt of being a lawyer ever decide to become a teacher? In middle school, I began to read tonics and write short stories. The literacy evaluate to me seemed to be diminishing. Students no longer found joy in picking up a book and becoming engrossed in a novel. At that point in my life, I wanted to my fellow classmates to find the pleasure in reading and writing that I did, but no one would authentically listen. As long as I can remember I have desired to make a difference in someones life, and the opportunity finally prevailed in high school. I had the opportunity to tutor a young child in reading and when she had finally accomplished the execution of reading, I was overjoyed because she grew to love reading. But when I looked at my classmates, they were all groaning about the selections that our teachers had given us. I suppose that seeing a young child enjoy reading inspired me to want to teach high school literature. I wanted older students to feel the passion of reading a novel that they actually connected with. I wanted to be the teacher that bridged the gap between reading and teenagers. But how will I engage their minds for the great works of literature that will acquire them reasoning skills?In order to engage my students in the joys of reading, I plan to use a philosophy renowned for its able to focus on ideas, concepts, and books. My love for the great works of literature from the ancient world has allowed me to accept the philosophy of perennialism as my teaching philosophy. The Great Books are a selection of world-renowned books that I want my students to read and thoroughly attain knowledge from. Mortimer Adler once said, The Great Books of ancient and medieval as well as new-fashioned times are a repository of knowledge and wisdom, a tradition of culture which must initiate each generation (356, Teachers, Schools, and Society).

Causes of Air Pollution Essay

There are several main causes of pushover pollution, the vast legal age of them can be attributed to man. Some natural sources of air pollution include forest fires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions. Plants such as ragweed contaminate the air with pollen. Decaying leaves and other forms of vegetation release gases that contribute to air pollution and cause haze. (Morgan) Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, and biological matter that cause constipation to humans, other living organisms, or cause vituperate to the natural environment. Stratospheric ozone depletion (contributed to air pollution) has long been recognized as a threat to human health as head as to the Earths ecosystems. The Earth is capable of cleaning itself of a certain level of pollution, but man-made pollutant have become alike numerous for the Earths natural mechanisms to remove.We are seeing the results of this overload in the form of acid rain, smog, and the var iety of health problems that can be contributed to our environment. (Godish) single of the main causes of air pollution is manufacturing. This source of pollution spews particulate matter and chemicals into the atmosphere. The exhaust from a factory includes, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and dioxide, as well as volatile organic compounds and particulates. There is not an area of the Earths atmosphere or an ecosystem that has not been altered by the long landmark effects of the pollution created by manufacturing.Strides have been made to filter the material coming from manufacturing plants, but it may take the Earth millennia to completely recover from the damage already done. (universe) A surprisingly link may exist between ocean fruitfulness and air pollution over land, according to Georgia name of Technology research reported in the Feb. 16 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. The work provides new insight into the role that ocean ferti lity plays in the complex cycle involving carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in global warming.(Cain) Finally, the burning of fossil fuels is a part of every(prenominal)day life of every human on the planet. We burn fossil fuels in our cars, fossil fuel is burned to extract fossil fuel from the Earth, and fossil fuel is used to summons fossil fuel into its individual components. Every step of the way releases sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, heavy metals and particulates into the air. Each step in the process increases the cast of asthma cases in the world, raises a persons chance of having cancer, and increases the chance that your child will be born with congenital defects. (Turco)ReferencesCain, Fraser. (2005). Air Pollution cerebrate to Growth of Life in Oceans. Retrieved from http//www.universetoday.com/10263/air-pollution-linked-to-grGodish, Thad. 1997. Air Quality, 3rd ed. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fl.Morgan, M. T. (2003). Environmental Health, (3rd ed.). Belmont CA WadsworthTurco, Richard P. 2001. Earth Under Siege From Air Pollution to Global Change, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, new-made York.

Group Research Paper- Online Platforms Essay

According to Thompson virtual team is any task-foc utilize group that meets with bring out all members necessarily being physically present or working at the same time (Thompson, 2011 p.). According to the article, The Knowledge Advantage of Virtual Teams Processes Supporting Knowledge Synergy, it has been previously argued that virtual teams emerged as a new organizational form of working together apart. However, their novelty has been attributed to the use of technologically advanced communications rather than to their organizational properties (Ratcheva, 2008). Therefore, we butt see the importance of having a good platform the traverse Company Virtual Team Communication.As a team, we review five online platforms of our choice that we believed could be used for Ford Company virtual team to communicate with their worldwide divisions. The team came together and created a judge platform based on the pursuit six criteria Technology Features Offered, Design and Customization, Secur ity and Access for (Global/Region Capabilities), Viewing and Moving Content, Accessibility and User Friendly. Each criterion was out of five points for a total of 30 possible points. I believe that Ford Company should use the platform because the team considers all possible features when creating the grading platform. We review and deal what features would be needed in order for a global team to function virtually without any difficulty. The following be the advantages and disadvantages of each of the online platforms that could be used by the virtual team and the team rating of each platform and the agents for the ratings.Microsoft brainpowerAccording to the prescribed targets of Microsoft, Outlook is a personal learning managers and the parcel is available as a part of the Microsoft Office. The software is used as an email application. It includes a calendar, task manager, contact manager, note taking, a journal, and web browsing (Microsoft Corporation.com/ Outlook). The article, Information overload, explains that Outlook does have powerful features, such as sharing of workgroup calendars, and as it is the standard, you will find add-on programs like NEO a magnificent application that organizes Outlook mailboxes the way they should have been by Microsoft, and makes searching so much easier. However, the article explains that Outlook can also be hazardous for your entropy because the PST files into which Outlook bundles email, appointments and contacts will corrupt once they grow beyond 2GB. The article explain that it can be repair, but you will lose at to the lowest degree some and if you are unlucky, all of your entropy. Therefore, Outlook has it advantages and disadvantages.The Team rate outlook as the least favorite and it received an 18 out of 30 because Microsoft Outlook is great for email, calendar events, and sending documents. There is no chat feature or face-to-face option and it may be hazardous for your data. Since, Ford push back C ompany need this platform for it virtual team to communicate with their worldwide divisions the team will need to used some time of chat, face-to-face options therefore Outlook is not the right choice for the high society. FacebookAccording to the official website of Facebook, the company mission is to make the world more open and connected. In addition, the site explain that people use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover whats going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them (Facebook Newsroom Key-Fats, 2013). Facebook Platform changes developers to build social apps that enable people to connect with their friends, whether it is through playing a game, watching a movie, sharing their favorite restaurant, or listening to a song (Facebook Newsroom Platform, 2013). Based on the Team grading platform Facebook received an overall 19 out of 30.The Team found that Facebook is great for communication and maybe sharing documents but the si te is not built for professional communication since there seems to always be hackers breaking into the system. Therefore, the team feels that for headache communication Facebook cannot be trusted. According to the article, Contextual gaps loneliness issues on Facebook, Facebook present significant privacy issues for their users, the article analyze two of Facebookss features, Applications and News Feed Offline, it was found that contextual gaps are at the cool it of many of the sites privacy issues. In addition, the article explains that the application, which nearly invisibly shares not just a users, but also a users friends information with third parties, clearly violates standard norms of information flow. Furthermore, the article concluded by saying that many of the privacy issues on Facebook are primarily design issues, which could be ameliorated by an interface that made the flows of information more transparent to users (Hull, Lipford & Latulipe, 2011).Additionally, this a rticle tiles, Facebook & Your Privacy. (cover story) explains that Facebook collects and shares data in ways that the consumer is often unaware, such as third-party applications, links from some other web resources, and facial recognition software for shared photographs. Threats posed by Facebook use include threats and harassment by other users, hacking, and monitoring of personal data by employers, college admissions, or insurers ( 2012). Therefore, the team concluded that Facebook was not a viable option for Ford Motor Company team communication platform. LinkedInAccording to the officials sites of LinkedIn, LinkedIn is the social network for work professionals created by Reid Hoffman in 2002 and currently the network has about 161 million professionals worldwide. In addition, when individuals joined LinkedIn, they get access to people, jobs, news, updates, and insights that garter them be great at what you do (LinkedIn about us, 2013). Based on the Team grading platform Linke dIn received an overall 22 out of 30.The reason for this is because LinkedIn is mostly for Job seekers and to connect with other professionals. According to this article, LinkedIn Corporation, The firm operates an online professional network designed to help members find jobs, connect with other professionals, and locate business opportunities (LinkedIn Corporation). Therefore, it does not have all the necessary tools needed for Ford Motor Company team communication. Microsoft SharePointAccording to the article, Enhancing Project Management with Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Microsoft SharePoint is a technology platform that can be configured and customized to play a number of roles in an organization. The advantages of this platform are numerous because the software provides an environment for protrude management since a project manager can use the software to manage his team collaboration, control project documents, structure project workflow, manage risks, encompass projects progress, or share information with the stakeholders (2010). In addition, as a company grows so does the amount documents the company has, therefore, it become difficult to aliment track of the increase documents and their locations. SharePoint defeat this by allowing users to store and share files in a central site.The team rating of Microsoft SharePoint was 25 out of 30 it was the flash favorite because of all the features it has. However, it true the software allows users to share documents but there is no interactive feature. Furthermore, the article The Disadvantages of Microsoft SharePoint 2007 as a Document Management System, explains, that iodine of the key features most DMS/CMS systems offer are document level options like redaction and document mark-ups. SharePoint does not provide this functionality as it relies on its Microsoft Office suite for document manipulation (Steward, 2008). Therefore, we can conclude that some of the key features needed for virtual communication is missing from this platform.GoogleAccording to the article, Datamonitor Google Inc., Google has a wide portfolio of offerings, The company currently offers include search, operating systems and platforms, and enterprise products. It maintains a vast index of websites and other online content, and makes it available through Google.com, the companys search engine, to anyone with an internet connection. In addition, the companys application tools allow users to create, share, and communicate user-generated information. Some of Googles applications products include Google Docs, Google Calendar, Gmail, Google Groups, Google Reader, Orkut, Blogger, Google Sites, and YouTube (2011).Furthermore, the article title, Google Voice, talks about a new software release in 2011 call Google Voice. This device is a hybrid phone/internet service. The article explains that what makes Google Voice worthwhile are all of the extra features namely voice mail, dissolve SMS, free calls to an ywhere in the U.S., cheap international calls, custom greetings, conference calling, call history, voice transcription to text, email and SMS notifications, the ability to hear who is calling in the lead you pick up, the ability to block unwanted calls, the ability to record phone calls and store them online, the ability to forward, embed, or download voice mails, and the fact that all of these features are managed through an intuitive, centralized interface styled after Gmail that can be accessed from any computer, any telephone, or any mobile browser (Johnson, 2010).Therefore, the team gave Google 27 out of 30 because Google has a lot of features, the email platform has chat capabilities, share documents, photos, and videos, and requests via calendar. In addition, Google + feature allow video chat, and they all are available on mobile, PC, or tablet. That is the reasons that Google received the highest rating out of the five platforms, because it offers every features a virtual t eam possibly need.ConclusionHaving a good platform for the Ford Company virtual team is very important in order the virtual team to succeed. Therefore, Group 1 has come up with a grading criterion that take under consideration all the features needed for a virtual team to success when it comes to a communication platforms. The group did a end-to-end evaluation of what is needed when communicating virtually and comes up with five platforms. Then each platforms went through a despatchly evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. After a complete evaluation Google platform were found to be the best because of all the features it offer to it customer when it come to virtual communication.

Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

In the stories, The Lie, by Kurt Vonnegut and Barn Burning, by William Faulkner, the main characters mature from childhood into adulthood. This maturity both develops from support of ones family and upbringing or it grows internally from ones conscience. We see from both stories that the main characters use this maturity to courageously discourse up. In the story, The Lie, Eli matures into adulthood. Due to his p atomic number 18nts lack of understanding of his individuality in the beginning of the story, Eli has to deny his own feelings. When Eli receives the letter that he was rejected from the esteemed high school, Whitehill, he secretly tears it up since he is nervous of his parents disappointment. Elis mother, Sylvia, helps him transition into maturity as she begins to recognize her watchwords individuality. At the beginning of the story, Sylvia thinks of her son as just another(prenominal) Ramenzal that will be attending Whitehill and even gives him number thirty one (Vonneg ut, 2) in the honored list of the Ramenzals who have go to the institution.Sylvia fails to realize that Eli has unique qualities that are different from the rest of the Remenzels until the end of the story. When the Remenzels discover from the headmaster that Eli has not been accepted to the school and realize that Eli has ran away because of the tough post he got himself into, Sylvia finally recognizes that Whitehill is not the best place for him. This allows Eli to open up and express his feelings comfortably. We see this when Eli expresses his feelings of temper at his father for trying to get him into Whitehill, for he realizes he will not succeed there. He says, You shouldnt have done that (Vonnegut, 12). At the point that he is recognized as an individual, he is last able to mature through his new ability to express himself without being intimidated. Sarty from the story Barn Burning, also develops and matures into adulthood. Throughout the story he has an internal contra dict between loyalty to his family and doing what is right. Sartys father, Abner, makes this struggle very difficult by pressuring his son to be loyal to a family that is living a life of vengeance, anger and retribution.Heaccuses his son of almost telling the justice that his father did in fact burn down the barn. He hits his son and then tells him, You got to learn. You got to learn to crush to your own blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you (Faulkner, 3). He is faced with a conflict which he describes as being pulled two ways like between two teams of horses (Faulkner, 7). Finally at the end of the story he builds up the courage to brook away from his family and tell the landlords that his father is planning on burning their barn. He realizes that he made the right decision of following his conscience and doesnt mourning being disloyal to his blood, as the story ends, He did not look back (Faulkner, 11).We see in these two stories the main characters initiat ion into adulthood. They both are able to openly express what they really thought was the right thing. Eli matures and is able to express his feelings when he is recognized as an individual and not as another Remenzel. Sarty also develops into an adult as he follows his conscience, and speaks out against his family. Sometimes a person, like Eli, needs support in order to mature, yet sometimes a person, like Sarty, matures, regardless of support, by following his conscience.Works CitedFaulkner, William. Barn Burning. Logan, IA Perfection Form, 1979. Print. Kurt Vonnegut. The Lie. Woodstock, IL Dramatic Pub., 1992. Print

Accounting Theory

Accounting Theory Construction The function to study bill theories is to classify them according to the trusts they rely on, how they were formulated, and their get ones to explaining and predicting actual events. There ar most classification which atomic number 18 pragmatic, syntactical, semantic, normative, positive, and naturalistic surfacees. matter-of-fact approaches are based on detect the behavior of accountants or those who use the information generated by accountant. syntactic approaches rely on logical argument, based on a set of expound. Semantic approaches worry how theories correspond to real-world events.Normative theories rely on both semantic and syntactic approaches. Positive approaches test hypotheses against actual event . Positive approaches test hypotheses against actual and the last is realistic approaches consider individual cases and do not try to generalise. hardheaded THEORIES Descriptive Pragmatic Approach Descriptive pragmatic approach based on unremitting observation of the behavior of accountants, a surmisal can be developed from observations of how accountants act in certain situations. The possibleness can be tested by observing whether accountant do act in the charge the theory suggest.This approach is probably the oldest and most univers ally used method of explanation theory construction. Criticisms of descriptive pragmatic approach * does not consider the theatrical role of an accountants action * does not provide for accountancy practices to be challenged * focuses on accountants conduct not on measuring the attributes of the firm Psychological Pragmatic Approach Differetnt with Descriptive pragmatic approach, this approach require theorist to observe users responses to the accountants output ( exfinancial report).There are also near problem with this mental approach that are * some users may react in an illogical manner * some users might have a preconditioned response * some users may not react when they should SYNTATIC AND SEMANTIC THEORIES Semantic inputs of the system are the transactions and exchanges enter in the vouchers, journals, and ledgers of the business. These are then manipulated on basis of the premises and trusts of historical make up accounting. Some accounting theorists are critical, they argue that the theory has semantic contentedness only on the basis of its inputs.There is no independent verifiable operation to verify the calculated outputs for posers, profit or total asset. Historical cost accounting has also been criticised on the basis of its syntactic element, for example with respect to the practice of summing several different money amounts assigned to specific assets In abnegation of the historical cost system, accountants argue that there is no requisite that accounting outputs should have any semantic content or be subject to deceit rules.NORMATIVE THEORIES The 1950s and 1960s saw what has been described as the easy age of normative acco unting investigate. Accounting researches become more concerned with policy testimonial and with what should be done, rather than with analysing and explaining the currently accepted practice. Normative theories change state either on deriving the true income for an accounting period. True income true income theorists concentrated on deriving a single measure for assets and a singular profit figure.Decision usefulness the decision usefulness approach assumes that the basic objective of accounting is to attending the decision making process of certain users of accounting reports by providing useful, or relevant, accounting data. The normative theories of the 1950s and 1960s began with a statement of the domain (scope) and objectives of accounting, the assumptions key the system and definitions of all the key concepts. POSITIVE THEORIES During the 1970s, accounting theory saw a move back to empirical methodology, which is often referred to as positive methodology.Positivism or empiricism means testing or relating accounting hypotheses or theories back to experiences or facts of the real world. The main different between normative and positive theories is that normative theories are prescriptive, whereas positive theories are descriptive, explanatory or predictive. variant PERSPECTIVES Focused on what may be considered to be a highly structured approach to theory formulation the scientific approach. This approach has an inherent assumption that the world to be researched is an objectives reality capable of examination in terms of large outdo or average statistics.This type of research is carried out by incremental hypotheses which are then combined to provide greater understanding, or better predictions of accounting. The implied assumption is that a good theory holds under circumstances that are constant across firms, industries and time. The criticism of the scientific method are the large-scale statistical research tends to lump everything together and it is conducted in environments that are often outdoor(a) from the world of or the concerns of accountants. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH APPLIED TO ACCOUNTINGA great deal of misunderstanding exists rough the get to apply a scientific approach to accounting. The attempt is to make scientists out of accounting practitioners. Accountants who believe in a scientific approach loss empirical evidence and logical explanation to support accounting practices so that practitioners can recommend the most appropriate methods for given situation based on this evidence. Another common misunderstanding about the application of the scientific view in accounting is that absolute truth is desired, which of course is not possible.ISSUES FOR AUDITING THEORY manifestation Auditing is a verification process that is applied to the accounting inputs and processes. meeter provide an opinion on whether the financial statements are in accordance with the applicable describe framework, and also provide on wh ether the statements present fairly, in all material respects, or give a true and fair view. The normative era of accounting theory and research also coincided with a normative approach to auditing theory. The positive ere of accounting has led to a positive approach to auditing theoryAccounting TheoryAccounting Theory Construction The function to study accounting theories is to classify them according to the assumptions they rely on, how they were formulated, and their approaches to explaining and predicting actual events. There are some classification which are pragmatic, syntactic, semantic, normative, positive, and naturalistic approaches. Pragmatic approaches are based on observing the behavior of accountants or those who use the information generated by accountant. Syntactic approaches rely on logical argument, based on a set of premises. Semantic approaches concern how theories correspond to real-world events.Normative theories rely on both semantic and syntactic approaches. Positive approaches test hypotheses against actual event . Positive approaches test hypotheses against actual and the last is Naturalistic approaches consider individual cases and do not try to generalise. PRAGMATIC THEORIES Descriptive Pragmatic Approach Descriptive pragmatic approach based on continual observation of the behavior of accountants, a theory can be developed from observations of how accountants act in certain situations. The theory can be tested by observing whether accountant do act in the way the theory suggest.This approach is probably the oldest and most universally used method of accounting theory construction. Criticisms of descriptive pragmatic approach * does not consider the quality of an accountants action * does not provide for accounting practices to be challenged * focuses on accountants behaviour not on measuring the attributes of the firm Psychological Pragmatic Approach Differetnt with Descriptive pragmatic approach, this approach require theorist to o bserve users responses to the accountants output ( exfinancial report).There are also some problem with this psychological approach that are * some users may react in an illogical manner * some users might have a preconditioned response * some users may not react when they should SYNTATIC AND SEMANTIC THEORIES Semantic inputs of the system are the transactions and exchanges recorded in the vouchers, journals, and ledgers of the business. These are then manipulated on basis of the premises and assumptions of historical cost accounting. Some accounting theorists are critical, they argue that the theory has semantic content only on the basis of its inputs.There is no independent empirical operation to verify the calculated outputs for examples, profit or total asset. Historical cost accounting has also been criticised on the basis of its syntactic element, for example with respect to the practice of summing several different money amounts assigned to specific assets In defence of the historical cost system, accountants argue that there is no requirement that accounting outputs should have any semantic content or be subject to falsification rules.NORMATIVE THEORIES The 1950s and 1960s saw what has been described as the golden age of normative accounting research. Accounting researches become more concerned with policy recommendation and with what should be done, rather than with analysing and explaining the currently accepted practice. Normative theories concentrated either on deriving the true income for an accounting period. True income true income theorists concentrated on deriving a single measure for assets and a unique profit figure.Decision usefulness the decision usefulness approach assumes that the basic objective of accounting is to aid the decision making process of certain users of accounting reports by providing useful, or relevant, accounting data. The normative theories of the 1950s and 1960s began with a statement of the domain (scope) and objec tives of accounting, the assumptions underlying the system and definitions of all the key concepts. POSITIVE THEORIES During the 1970s, accounting theory saw a move back to empirical methodology, which is often referred to as positive methodology.Positivism or empiricism means testing or relating accounting hypotheses or theories back to experiences or facts of the real world. The main different between normative and positive theories is that normative theories are prescriptive, whereas positive theories are descriptive, explanatory or predictive. DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES Focused on what may be considered to be a highly structured approach to theory formulation the scientific approach. This approach has an inherent assumption that the world to be researched is an objectives reality capable of examination in terms of large scale or average statistics.This type of research is carried out by incremental hypotheses which are then combined to provide greater understanding, or better predi ctions of accounting. The implied assumption is that a good theory holds under circumstances that are constant across firms, industries and time. The criticism of the scientific method are the large-scale statistical research tends to lump everything together and it is conducted in environments that are often remote from the world of or the concerns of accountants. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH APPLIED TO ACCOUNTINGA great deal of misunderstanding exists about the attempt to apply a scientific approach to accounting. The attempt is to make scientists out of accounting practitioners. Accountants who believe in a scientific approach want empirical evidence and logical explanation to support accounting practices so that practitioners can recommend the most appropriate methods for given situation based on this evidence. Another common misunderstanding about the application of the scientific view in accounting is that absolute truth is desired, which of course is not possible.ISSUES FOR AUDITING T HEORY CONSTRUCTION Auditing is a verification process that is applied to the accounting inputs and processes. Auditor provide an opinion on whether the financial statements are in accordance with the applicable reporting framework, and also provide on whether the statements present fairly, in all material respects, or give a true and fair view. The normative era of accounting theory and research also coincided with a normative approach to auditing theory. The positive ere of accounting has led to a positive approach to auditing theory

Negative and Positive Learning Experience Examples

Positive culture experienceI apply had m each electr unitygative nurture experiences, but at the same time I have had a good number of positive iodines, that I have enjoyed and have benefited from greatly. Learning English as a foreign voice communication at one of the clubs in my town back in Russia was, probably, the best learning experiences I have had so far. But what made it so positive? eldest of all, the penury factor. I was 15 eld old and very passionate almost learning English.I wanted to be able to use it for my career as a teacher and simply in daily communication with my friends, American missionaries. The ability to speak another language opened up a whole reinvigorated world for me of a different culture, people, literature, films, music and mentality. I spent 2 years learning English at this club. I was bit apprehensive at the start as my school English classes were not effective at all and did not admirer me in learning English, giving me an impression that it was in all my fault that I could not learn English.But after a few weeks at this club I felt relief, pride and personal satisfaction as I made a steady progress and was getting a noticeable result. Secondly, the lessons were of a very practical nature. The communicative approach was used to help us learn more affectively. We were actively participating in speaking, writing, listening and thinking. The tasks were challenging, difficult but achievable. My learning was enhanced by the potential applications of the English language after the lessons in speaking with my friends.Thirdly, the language we learnt was contemporary and up-to-date, so the learning was relevant and challenging. We were encouraged to learn English through reading books, watching films and regular(a) speaking to each other in English in daily life as the majority of learners did not have native speakers friends like I was fortunate to have. Another positive moment for me was that it was not a school environm ent. The atmosphere was relaxed and I did not feel an unnecessary pressure to follow any schedule. Our work was not graded and that alone was a very freeing point for me.I could focus on actual learning and not worry about getting good or bad grades. And finely, the group of people that I learnt English with all consisted of highly motivated and enthusiastic people, who were very committed to learning the English language. The opportunity to learn from each other in the classroom increased my motivation and learning. Active involvement and co-operation in our group helped me to enjoy our lessons. a student at that point of my life. Looking back now as teacher I cannot say those were the perfectly composed lessons.I would have done many a(prenominal) things differently if i had been a teacher of that club now. But it was certainly a very different experience from everything else I had as a pupil at that point of my life. Negative learning experienceAs most students, adults or chil dren, I have experiences a number of negative learning experiences over my lifetime, everything from poor instructional methods to strongly influential teachers. These learning experiences have created impressions and preconceptions that added to the diversity of my classroom experience.It is important to examine not only positive learning experiences but negative ones as well, to understand the influence that the past learning experience makes on the future learning. Most of my negative learning experience occurs in the first 2 years of the University where I studied the English language for teaching and translation purposes. Why do I consider that learning experience to be negative? First of all, in my opinion, the students needs were not properly addressed.As a student I often felt very discouraged when I saw inconsiderate demeanor on the part of my teacher. Witnessing repeated problems caused me at whatever point of learning to question my major and even my aspirations for a u niversity degree. I think our teacher was unaware of our interests, backgrounds and even anxieties. This knowledge would have helped her to make the class seem more personal and the materials more accessible. Secondly, the teacher failed to provide materials and resources that worked with all or most learning styles.I am a visual learning student. Often I struggled during the lessons to follow or recall schooling that was heard in a lesson. If I had been provided some visual aids when studying I would have retained more information. This visual tools would have improved my ability to store or and recall information more completely and effectively. And thirdly, the communicative approach was very rarely used, if at all during the lessons. Communicative language teaching makes use of real-life situations that produce communication.Our teacher, unfortunately, rarely dress out up situations that we could encounter in real life. My learning was not motivated by real-life simulations and meaningful topics. We were learning the language out of context, both linguistic and social. well-nigh situational context was still present though. We rarely engaged in class discussions when we could have shared our experiences and viewpoints. The teacher talked more and listened less. Because of my decreased responsibility to participate, I was losing faith in using the target language in general. I felt less responsible for my own learning.As a result, my grades were low, so was my self-esteem. My damaged self-esteem caused my negative learning cycle to progress. I missed quite a few classes. I lacked motivation for any classwork and became withdrawn. This negative learning experience was probably one of the strongest. It did get better in the next three years of the University. Maybe because we the teacher changed or I was somehow able to remove the barriers to my learning that and had been puke in the first two years of the University. been put in the first two years of the University.

A Short Story Essay

During Maytags final surrender to Whirlpool, appliance parts atomic number 18 now in surplus. As a result, the w atomic number 18house has been shipped an all overabundance of parts. The likes of which we rarely see. Because the market has gone down in flames, the demand for appliance parts is sky-high. Thus we deport a beauteous supply and demand ratio between our suppliers and our customers. Since no one has the capital to go out and purchase a brand new washing elevator car or refrigerator, in spite of Obamas Energy Star credit stimulus, more and more appliances are being serviced. This each(prenominal)ows servicers to keep in business and increase profits.Their increase in business requires that they purchase more parts from us, of which we are consistently replenishing due to the business deals do by our suppliers. Thus the servicer is never impel into hysteria over a lack of parts. Thus we keep in business. Thus we keep our jobs. We even manage to allocate overtime on occasion. I know all this because the warehouse hides nothing from me. The warehouse needs me. The warehouse is me. Or else Id like to think. By the end of the shift we are all manifesting the last of the packages that are to be shipped out via UPS and FedEx. The trailers are closed.The semis drive off. The workers go home. I stay to close shop. I print the manifest reports and unsympathetic down the computers. I record our shipping quantities and turn out the lights. The doors are locked, the security enabled. I shut the last door before I perambulation to the bus stop. The driver sees my monthly pass purchased online at the warehouses very own computer, addressed to my own PO box. The driver lets me on. There are a couple of folks onboard. One works at Chili Works not too far from the warehouse. The other is a Wal-Mart employee. We are all considered workers of the underclass.The only difference is that I have approximately ten grand in my savings. Most people are ten grand in d ept. Of course, not too many take microeconomics as seriously either. When my girlfriend cheated on me and insurrected herself from our apartment, I decided to take control of my cash. I realized that I was go on nearly six thousand dollars a year in rent money. When the lease was up, I took the capital gained from the security deposit, including the five dollar interest they were necessary to give, and invested in a bicycle. Of course, I invested in the bicycle after I totaled my Pontiac grand prix.I did this because for the next year I would have to spend three thousand dollars in car payments and twain-thousand dollars in gasoline. The insurance forked me four grand. At this point I was a bit of an alcoholic leastwise so I decided that the car was an opportunity cost. If I wanted to continue to go to the bars each night and have my juicy burger and tray just of cigarette butts, I would need to sacrifice the Pontiac. This capital was generally inadequate when compared to my personal entrepreneurship. My taverns, my coffee and reading clubs, my model-crafting.Im getting to the point at which I can sell World War II naval ship recreations for a profit. No one would know my storage cell housed the strife of Midway. Then there are my books that I buy and sell later to used book stores. It may be cheaper to go to a library, but the urban center doesnt give cards to homeless folk. Still, I manage. The only real resources I depend on is my own personal entrepreneurship, my labor, and the permanence of the land. The capital strengthened up over the years is strictly a luxury. Since my supply of bar beverages is at a constant growth, the supply of such beverages usually comes at a low cost.More and more I see laid off engineers and factory machinists come night after night, drowning their miseries away. Winter approaches, so the construction jockeys are hitting Bourbon Street like an army from hell. Meanwhile, the bars are ordering more and more of their sto ck. More than probably necessary, as I feel they have built a surplus. Everyday I see trucks stocked with Miller products and Coors happen upon dock. By Tuesday night the bartenders are giving drinks away, they have so much. If their bands of pink-slipped workers dont make a buck soon, the bars will start to run into a massive deficit without having a stable consumer base.An sluggish man can only spend for so long. Still, I reap the benefits. And if ever there is a time when someone may ask me wherefore it is I chose my life without shelter perhaps an intrigued lady aroused by such mystery or a confused little boy who was perpetually taught to work with what they got I shall tell them both that I live in the market of the free. My entire essence is dedicated to what I want and how accessible it is to make such an acquisition. Everything else is simply an unnecessary expenditure.A Short Story EssayThe cold hit him straight way, and he turned to the see the appealing cauterise o f the gas lamp that cast silhouettes on the walls, the shadows dancing with each flicker of the small flame. The wind blew quiet but harsh and found its way through the gaps in his woollen overcoat. He turned up the collar and regretted that there was no button to keep it in place. He scurried down the well-trodden path, passing withering plants and whatsoever else lay in the darkness.Without warning, the headlights of an approaching illuminated him against the darkness of the forest he threw himself to the hard ground, scurrying towards the relative safety of the undergrowth. He didnt dare to move, panic-struck that any shuffle or scratching might give away his position, as the truck stopped at the side of the road. He heard the slamming of doors and the walk of feet. The man could see nothing but the very top of the trucks canvas roof, but he could hear their voices.One shouted out to another in German the reply was a harsh laugh that seemed to pierce the very core of the wildl ife a large bird that has been making its way cautiously over to the man suddenly opened its wings out and took off violently from where it stood with a loud shriek that filled the deadly quiet. The man stopped breathing, cover his head with both of his hands and screwed his eyes tightly shut, willing the other men to go away. He could hear them walking over, their hard-soled boots thudding, again and again, as they make their way closer.He had attempted to bury himself in the plantation, but it was to no avail. A narrow, white torch beam, moved across the perimeter of the forest, and slowly made its way down to his level. He shut his eyes tight and willed them to leave him be, to go away. And just like that, the beam of light vanished, and the footsteps gradually died away. With the slam of two doors, the engine started, and the truck moved off. The man lifted his head slightly, just in time to see the terrifying symbol of the Swastika that would be engrained in his mind for the re st of his life.

English Composition Final Exam

Topic Three Recommendations to decrease violent juvenile crime range from see-through nurture bags to confiscating guns, eliminating violent video games, altering local news coverage, and changing the way parents teach their children esteem for others. Imagine that you are an advisor to the President of the United States and you rush been asked to write a policy speech in which you lay out a series of feasible initiatives for reducing violent crime by juveniles.In recent years, juvenile crime has risen to an alarming level. The average age of a violent crime offender has decreased in the last generation, and every say is prone to the devastating impact of youth violence. The average age of murder victims of a youth offender is fourteen years of age. It is time for adults to act to void youth violence (Office of the Commission and Families 2014). The crimes committed are the same. The only change is the age of the offender.The starting point to reducing youth violence is evidence -based practices. Proven programs leave shown to reduce delinquency and recidivism, substance use or antisocial behavior in at least two trials by using a tight research design. Proven Strategies energise shown through meta- analysis Of scientifically credible evaluations to reduce recidivism. Rumoring Programs have shown to reduce delinquency and recidivism, substance use or antisocial behavior by using a strong research design, but outcomes have not yet been replicated.Proven programs, such as the National Guard young ChalleNGe Program, must(prenominal) have at least one negative outcome that is changed by 20% or more for the better. The study design must use a convincing comparison group randomized-control trial or some quasi-experimental designs. The sample size of the evaluation must overhaul 30 in both the treatment and comparison groups, and must be publicly available. Promising programs, such as Be Proud Be Responsible , must have more than a 1% change in the outcome. The study must have a comparison group, but it may exhibit some weaknesses, such as, the groups lack comparability on pre- existing variables or the analysis does not employ appropriate statistical controls. The sample size of the evaluation must exceed 10 in both the treatment and comparison groups, and must be publicly available. There is no all-encompassing approach to preventing youth violence. However, communities can facilitate reduce youth violence by developing a city-wide tragedy that combines prevention, intervention, treatment, and re-entry strategies.Prevention begins with parents being parents. Children have enough peers. What they need is guidance from a stable adult. most parents are trying to relive their childhood through their children by being more of a friend and less of a parent. This is where the respect for elders is broken down, take to violence. Intervention is where the parent chooses to grow up before the child. The parent must reiterate respectful beha viors towards others, giving an ultimatum, but also giving support to encourage make the better sections. Treatment comes in many forms.

Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay

Being always present in category and drawting to condition on measure argon two of the crucial determining factors of a naturalize-age childs success, not just as a disciple but as a soul who will be managing his/her own life in the future. Given the importance of being punctual, this sphere aims to look for and find out the factors that mask the punctuality of UP scholarly persons. In this chapter, we will be discussing just about the compass of our accept. It includes facts about tardiness, the different factors that causes it and its effect to the savants as students and as bearer of their own lives in the future.From reli fitting look for materials like online journals and explore papers, we will provide some facts and theories from authors, teachers and notable people in send to view a concrete justification of our reckon. First, we will give a definition of tardiness and present some theories and facts about it. Next, we will discuss he various factors t hat causes the students to suffer to direct deeply, the psychological theories, the observation of the teachers and the soulal modestnesss of the students. Lastly, the personal effects of tardiness to students, not just to himself/herself but as salubrious as to his/her future and to otherwise people, will be discussed.TardinessAs UP students, we are expected to perform wholesome with excellence in everything that we do, most in particular in the academician aspect. wizard factor that dictates the quality of performance of a student is his/her punctuality that is, getting to instill on time or being tardy. As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), slowness can be defined as the spot where an individual arrives after the proper, scheduled or usual time (Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary, 5th ed., 1995), Lauby (2009) puts it as a term used to describe people not baseing up on time and pushover et al. (2010) contributed by saying that, new-fashionedness is synonym ous with tardiness, which implies being slow to act or slow to respond, thus not meeting up with proper or usual timing. Lastly, Weade (2004) defined tardiness as being late for all measurable length of time past the tell or scheduled start time for become or school. In most schools, a student is considered tardywhen he/she is not present when the school bell rings or when the first teacher starts to give instructional materials for the first subject in the morning class.One of the most recurring and the most frustrating problem that the schools are having with their students nowadays is tardiness (Sprick and Daniels, 2007). It becomes problems, not just to the students but in like manner to the teachers (Cowan Avenue Elementary School Community, 2007, para 1). Cowan Crier, the official School effect of CAESC, likewise states that date having occasional tardy isnt a big deal, unfailing tardiness is and it gives students problems including being ill-prepared for the cheat m arket. harmonize to the results of the study of the U.S. Department of knowledge on truancy, which is related to tardiness, being present and on time in going to school are big factors on the success and behavior of the students (Zeiger, 2010, para 1).Thus, it is a lot authorised to value time and practice being on time while being a student. According to CAESC (2007) and Zeiger (2010), the most essential learning time of the day for the students lies in the morning, specifically betwixt 800 to 930 AM. It is because the students are most mindful and observant at this time of the day. It is also the reason why the most measurable lessons and subject matters are discussed during this time. So when students are late or are not present during this time of the day, they, in effect, miss out most of the important lessons to be noted and learned.Factors bear upon PunctualityReasons for being late in class and other factors affecting the punctuality if a student vary. There had been so me theories that pointed out that tardiness is caused by the personality of a person. Santillano (2010) stated that psychological theorists considered some personality traits, including low self-esteem and anxiety as triggering factors of tardiness (para 2). She also mentioned that while some theorists considered tardiness as an inborn quality since our being early or late is partially biologically headstrong, which she also outfitd, other experts also believed that some people are chronically tardy for the reason that they consciously and unconsciously get good things from it (para 3).In the book cited by Santillano, Never be late over again 7 cures for the punctually challenged, the author Diana DeLonzor suggested that somepersonality traits could most likely pass off to a person being a lot late. Some of the traits included were struggling with self control, feeling nervous or uncomfortable with social situations and getting distracted easily (para 4). Santillano also discus sed about the study conducted by DeLonzor at San Francisco State University in 1997 in which she surveyed 225 respondents about their habits that makes them late from their appointments. It was also a test on the personalities of the respondents that affect their habits.According to the results of DeLonzors study, those respondents that were often tardy apt to be anxious and gets distracted easily. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor attribute lateness or tardiness to a lot of factors or causes. Going late to bed and waking up late adjacent morning are the most common. The authors added film-watching late at night as a cause for tardiness. The student may forget that he/she needs to be in school the next day. The remoteness between the students home and school or solely the schools location is also considered by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a possible cause for tardiness. Not just because it takes to a greater extent than time to get to school, but according to the authors, the student is suscep tible to more distractions and hindrances along the way. Parents untimely tasks and commands are also reasons that students come late to school. Habitual tardiness can also be learned from other members of the family, especially from the older ones.Lack of a firm and consistent constitution on punctuality also encourages students to come late at school since there are no consequences attached to lateness or tardiness. These causes of tardiness will get hold of to serious effects. Another study was the one conducted by Enamiroro Oghuvbu in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to visit the causes of the absenteeism and lateness among the secondhand students in Nigeria and to seek for solutions to the outgrowth problem. According to Oghuvbu (2008), female students are more likely to be late than male students because of their involvement in domestic activities by their parents (para 7). Also, as cited by Oghuvbu, distance to school, school discipline, family land and school lo cation (Emore, 2005) are some of the common causes for the tardiness of the secondary students. Oghuvbu collected the data from a taste size of 17, 417 Nigerian respondents from 2005-2006. The sample was do up of 20 principals and 50 each from a come in of teachers, parents and students.The means of collectingdata was through a thirty-item questionnaire answerable by either strongly agree (SA), agreed (A), disagree (D), and strongly disagreed (SD). The questionnaire had four questions, one of which was about the causes of lateness among the secondary students of Nigeria. The study revealed that the causes of lateness among the secondary students in Nigeria were going late to bed because of watching films and home movies, resulting into wake up late in the morning, distance to school and lioniseing friends who are not students (Oghuvbu, 2008). These results went consistent with the results of Oghuvbus reference studies which proves that tardiness among students have been a growin g problem and that it is caused, not just because of the students but also because of the lack of imposing discipline from the parents. Another research partly studied about tardiness but tackled a specific reason or factor.A study by Pimentel and Quijada (2011) focused on the frequency of use by the UP Cebu freshmen students of Facebook and a part of the study tackled about the effect of the famous social networking site to UP Cebu students punctuality and academic performance. For their study, Pimentel and Quijada collected 60 respondents and provided them with questionnaires. The questionnaires contained questions that ask the respondents about their use of Facebook and its effects. A certain question asked the respondents if late-night use of Facebook has an effect on their punctuality. According to the results of the study, three out of 60 respondents are always late, eight s promote they are sometimes late, 12 said they are seldom late and 37 said that they never get late asc ribable to late-night use of Facebook.Generally, the results showed that the respondents are seldom late in class because of late-night use of the social networking site. Ledoux, as cited by Pimentel and Quijada, said that lack of sleep causes neural malfunctions and further affects a persons behavior. In the studys case, it is a students punctuality that is affected. Sometimes, it is not solely the students fault why they keep on being late in coming to class. Another factor that could affect the punctuality of a student is the response of the teachers to tardy students. Sprick and Daniels (2007) stated that the range of the teachers response was from ignoring them to sending them to office (p. 21).This variation could lead the students to confusion as to how important it is to be on time in going to class. Another reason is the lack of motivation. Students whocome to school on time are not given incentives or rewards. Also, responses to tardiness are lenient, that is nothing is do ne until the tenth strike or more. Another reason is giving the student the depiction that they wont be missing anything if they are late since in some classes, no important activities or instructions and no lessons are being done for first few minutes. Lastly, crowded hallways could create traffic, thus blocking the way of other students and making it hard for them to pass through.Effects of TardinessTardiness among students has its own proscribe repercussions. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) emphasized that lateness or tardiness is not just the problem of the late student but it affects the surrounding people. A student coming late in class distracts the rest of the students and disrupts the flow of the teachers discussion. It is so far a burden to the student/s whom the late students ask for what to catch up with. The rest of the effects given by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor are about the welfare of the whole school, its productivity and revenue.Knowing the possible effects of latenes s or tardiness, it is necessary for solutions to be executed. Studies have revealed that those students with perfect or near-perfect attention have good grades compared to those students who misses classes often and late-comers (Cowan Avenue Elementary School Community, 2007, para 3). Moreover, as mentioned by Zeiger (2010), the results from the survey report conducted by teachers show that students with high tardiness rates have higher rates of suspension and other disciplinary measures (National Center for Education Statistics Indicators of School Crime and Safety NCESISCS (2007)).It also causes the students to have behavioral problems and to drop out. Lastly, Zeiger (2010) stated that Students who are a great deal tardy to school are also more apt to be fired from a farm out for showing up late (para 5). A study conducted by Barbara Lee Weade on 2004 tried to determine if school tardiness is a predictor of work tardiness (Weade, 2004). It provided a lot of literature that obse rves correlations and factors affecting a students tardiness. As cited by Weade, the 3rd most common cause for the failure of a student is excessive tardiness and unexcused absences (Ligon and Jackson, 1988).Inconsistency of school rules (Britt, 1988) and situations such as crowded halls, limited opportunities for social interaction, orthogonal course content, and teacher indifference (Damico et al., 1990) are also factors that affect a students attendance and punctuality. As mentioned by Weade, personal values, financial security and lack of parental guidance (Payne, 2001) as well as family background (Featherstone et al., 1992) influence tardiness and absences of students.Weade gathered data from the schools of participating students. First and foremost, she asked consent from the students and their parents in order to gain permission to collect their school records. She collected and studied the attendance and punctuality records of these students based on the number of unexcus ed absences and minutes of tardiness. Her study showed that among high school students, the grade point average is match with absences and tardiness. This means that students with better attendance and punctuality have higher grade point averages and vis--vis. Her study was also able to show that attendance and punctuality of students are not consistent throughout the year. There were more absences and tardiness at the latter part of the year. Gender has also shown to be a non-factor in the attendance and punctuality of high school students.The study was very comprehensive in its subject matter. It tackles not just school tardiness but its implications on work tardiness. It shows that students who are on-time for school classes are also likely to be on-time at work while students who are tardy frequently at school will probably also be tardy at work (Weade, 2004). The study requires a lot of data but Weade was able to gather a sufficient amount. Though some possible correlations we re not established, it is outside the scope of this research. overdue to the fact that tardiness has been giving negative effects on the students nowadays, the most important thing to do is to commence a firm, consistent and functional policy that addresses late students. There must be defined sanctions and penalties for late students. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) stated that school administrators must lead by example.They should be punctual in their own meetings and classes to void students to think that being late is just alright since even the authoritative persons are doing it. They should as well teach it and integrate it in every lesson. The effort on the remedy on lateness or tardiness does not start and end withthe school. It must begin with the parents of the students and the government must take part as well. exaltation must be improved in order to avoid students getting stuck in traffic or encountering other obstacles down the streets. Some schools have already start ed finding solutions that would effectively minimize and/or go along tardiness among students. One of the solutions made by some schools is implementing tardiness policies, wherein they take steps in approaching the students and parents for them to solve the problem.CAESC has their policy worked this way. Other schools initiated interdisciplinary curriculum that integrates discipline and conduct in academics. Cordogan (as cited by Weade, 2004), said that a school in Chicago, Illinois adapted a similar curriculum and yielded positive results. Students nether the interdisciplinary program exhibited more positive behaviors from students not from the curriculum. Interdisciplinary students showed less absences and tardiness, as well as higher grades. Other schools made smaller academic changes such as developing personality works and cooperative learning activities, such as creation of portfolios and tutorial to younger students. These taught the students better goal-setting, decision m aking skills and time management. In return, students under these behavior modification programs yielded less tardiness and higher grades. To summarize, many studies have shown the reasons and factors that may contribute to the tardiness of a student.One of the mentioned reasons of tardy students was waking up late in the morning, which can also be attributed to late-night activities, such as social networking, watching movies and television shows, as well as untimely academic and domestic errands. As proven by several studies, sometimes, its not also the act of the student that leads to his/her tardiness. The heavy traffic, the teachers, the school surroundings and policies may also serve as influences to the tardiness of students. Many studies have also shown the effects of tardiness on the students, the teachers, the school and the society. According to these studies, the tardiness of a student consumes his/her learning time as well as disturbs other students and teachers.The tar dy student also poses as a threat to the school as an educational and master institution and the student may be one of the less productive members of the society. A lot of studies as well gave testimonies to effective remedieson tardiness. These studies promoted integration of personality development and interdisciplinary programs into school curriculum to aid students enhance positive behavior and personality leading to the decrease of tardiness. Our study intends to find out the tardiness of UP Cebu students and the reasons and factors that may influence this tardiness.

Information Technology Management Essay

Information and parley technologies trick critical roles in sustaining an placements growth and profitability (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). If managed properly, investments in cultivation and communication technologies can improve dexterity and effectiveness of business processes and an organizations competitive posture in the market. Proper trouble of info and communication technologies investments can also enrich peoples lives in the organization improving gambol satisfaction and productivity. Galliers & Leidner, 2003).Success in managing breeding and communication investments depend largely on exercising nigh counselling practices like human capital management, staff training management, information technology architecture management and software management (Galliers & Leidner, 2003). However, with all the potential benefits of investments in information and communication projects, they can be risky, dearly-won and unproductive if not managed properly (Galliers & Leidn er, 2003).Organizations should therefore strive to attract and retain information technology power that are qualified and talented to ensure the success of information and technology investments. This is further complicated by a tight information and technology labor market where qualified information and technology force play enjoy aged high school mobility. Discussion The position I am required to design is a leaders position intended to provide technical direction and guide an organization in implementing strategic information and communication projects (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010).The occupant of this position is expected to be able to cover a wide range of duties and responsibilities. He or she should be able to use his/ her exposure, technical friendship and business familiarity in exploitation an organizations technical plans and to advise senior management on information technology strategies, standards and governance (Galliers & Leid ner, 2003). In addition he or she pull up stakes be expected to monitor the industrys trends in information technology and respond appropriately by formulating long term information technology strategies capable of improving an organizations competitiveness.The senior information technology manager will work under the general supervision of the chief executive officer. In line with work plans and resource allocation coordination provided by the chief executive officer, he or she will be responsible for effective planning, supervision and delivery of assigned functions that fall within an information and communication department (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010) so as to ensure that an organizations requirements for information systems and information technology are effectively and efficiently met.He will also be secureeousness for ensuring that an organizations ready reckoner systems hurt the capacity to meet the business needs of an organization b y either upgrading existing systems or developing new systems (Info Tech Employment, 2008).Additional functions will include conjunction in planning, coordinating and setting policies for the festering and implementation of an organizations information technology strategies, supporting standards, procedures and practices, supervising and coordinating works of external firms in special projects or functions to ensure quality and by the way delivery, providing consultant services in regards to procurement of new information technology equipments and computer systems, supervising members of staff assigned to special projects or functions and coordinating their training and development to ensure that they are up to the tasks and finally, developing and monitoring key performance indicators of assigned functions within an information technology department (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010). The senior information technology manager is expected to have an excellent working knowledge in information technology and a commitment to keep up to date with the latest development (Galliers & Leidner, 2003).He should present peoples management skills with an ability to motivate staff members, provide a cooperative and productive work environment, manage resources effectively to achieve objectives, organize and coordinate work in the department and explain technical issues clearly (Info Tech Employment, 2008). He or she will be tasked with atomic number 82 changes that fall within the information technology department, hence must be able to integrate organizational and departmental goals, priorities and values. In addition, he or she should have experience in managing large scale projects in information systems and technology (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010).To fulfill these expectations, a university degree in computer science or related fields and appropriate professional certifications are mandatory. Moreove r, the candidate of choice should have at least five years management experience in information technology. He should demonstrate experience with standard software applications and data manipulation, analysis and interpretation tools (Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, 2010). culmination Information technology investments can be very beneficial to an organization as a entire if they are managed properly. Organizations should therefore strive to hire and retain qualified, experienced and talented information technology managers.This is not easy given the current information technology labor market. The labor market is characterized by high mobility of qualified labor and organizations must put in place effective measures to ensure they hire the right people. One of the measures an organization should take is defining clear structures and responsibilities of all employees in the information technology department. The senior information technology manager will p rovide technical direction and guidance to the organization in implementing strategic information technology projects. He will be responsible for ensuring effective and efficient management of resources within the information technology department.

Minimum School Leaving Age Essay

In some countries the minimum give instruction leaving age is 15 years and children and their parents have no right to decide when they will leave school. According to the law in those countries it would be illegal for them to leave school earlier. However, there is a number of reasons for children to have to leave school earlier not taken into the account by the government.Firstly, I am going to consider the family reasons. It is doubtless true that not all families have the necessary financial basis to raise a child. On the contrary, families in some countries are so poor they hardly have any money to jut out their day-to-day living. Sometimes they cannot in time provide a child with a lunchbox for school or the fitted clothing, not to acknowledgment paying the school fees. In these cases families often want their children to start working at an early age so, by earning their living, they can help the family to survive. Often the attitude towards education in those families i s very(prenominal) negative they do not find it useful for a child and consider it as emaciate of time.Secondly, it is important to consider how schools may influence students to leave school early. The common problem to cause umteen children, especially the talented ones to leave early is bullying. Despite their awareness of the problem, some schools still fail to recognise the signs and take necessary measures to protect children from constant abuse by other students.Thirdly, I would like to mention in the flesh(predicate) reasons such as poor learning ability, lack of wiliness and motivation and also personal circumstances in particular early pregnancy for girls. These factors may also cause children to leave school.However, even though there are family, school and personal reasons resulting in children leaving school before grasp the minimum school leaving age, it is still very important for children to reach a minimum train of education before entering the adult world. I n particular this is essential in a route that a child should have had expanded their own knowledge to thepoint where they are able to addle decisions and choices of their own rather than their parents.In conclusion, it is vital that governments ensure children reach a minimum take of education by motivating students to stay at school. For example, schools may introduce more subjects for students to choose from, and imbibe those extra subjects job orientated. They can also improve the ambiance at school and establish rewards for children to inhabit their education.

Project Management Sample Assignment Essay

The Association for Project oversight (APM) suggests that the formulate personal line of credit pillow trip renders justification for under winning a spew by evaluating benefit, cost and alternative options. The main purpose is to control approval and commitment for investment in the project (Association for Project way 2006, p.129 and MGT8022, USQ 2013). According to Project Management Institute (PMBOK, PMI 2013), the blood case describes in multifariousnessation from a argumentation standpoint to determine whether or non the project is worth of investment. It is purposed as a decision making tool by ripened leadership. Based on the above, US Toys business case (attached as Appendix I) is being examined with a surveil of process and process control, project management literature and project management manikin. According to Turner (2009), carrying out improvement can come from sources like operational aptitude, cheek effectiveness or higher separate strategic issu es due to changes in technology or over any business strategy. New capabilities go out not solve the problems blocking performance improvement directly that rather it is necessary to achieve negotiate benefits before realizing the main benefit. It is evident from the business case that US Toys has purchased a softw be solution called study ambit Management whose full benefit will be show-ca pulmonary tuberculosisd by integrating it with its legacy store management administration.During initial intend phases, appropriate team members or groups should be embroild so that they tally and occasion auxiliary ideas (Young 2006). Key components of business case like project purpose, objectives and success criteria were established, US Toys business case misses on holistic identification of stakeholders and other tiny components. vocation case is a testimonial to take a particular course of action suffered by benefits, costs and risks digest (Journal reference). little eleme nts of a business case applied to the case scenario be summarized in the pursuance table DefinitionDiscussionUS Toys Business caseA business case should be a recommendationRecommendation should hurl finely balanced options providing purpose and direction.Business case lists two cost impact options with a nothing option to continue current processes. However, it does not list keep epitome on why option 3 is recommended.Providing supporting analysis of benefits with the option will bend business decision.For the organisationA business case is worth for significant projects in organisationBusiness case pertains to increasedoperational efficiency and hence it is a significant project for the organisation.Supported by analysis of benefitsBusiness case requires exegesis of strategic rationale as swell as more(prenominal) luxuriant, administrationatic analysis of benefitsUS Toys business case lists options but lacks systematic analysis and strategic rationale.CostsCost estimati on is the difficult aspect in a business case but without it, the case cannot be madeCost estimates provided in the business case appear to be high level. It would be good if comeback on Investment (ROI) and break even age argon provided as an additional supporting analysis.RisksProjects involve risks and understanding and taking ownership of risk is an essential part of a business caseUpon evaluation, US Toys business does not have risk management process or risk scoring methodology. (Adapted from Gambler 2009, make the business case Table 1.1 on page 2).Upon review of US Toys business case, it is evident that the enhancements to the breathing W beho ingestion Management arrangement are undertaken for achieving operational efficiency and technology as depicted in below figure. Figure Achieving performance improvement (Adapted from Turner, 2009, Chapter 2 figure 2.2) The targeted benefits lists operational efficiency and leveraging bran-new technology in the form of interfaces to purchased package solution. From the above figure, it is evident that performance is directly proportional to the time involved. The higher the targeted performance the more time take. However, US Toys Business case has not included duration of the project. One of the key definition of project is a project will have definite cash in ones chips and end time in other words a fixed duration during which resources, tools and geological formational efficiencies are logically grouped to achieve an agreed upon outcomes. The business case provides a consolidated and summary-level overview of the project. It should address objectives, critical success factors, and communication plan and measurement framework to measure the work being undertaken. It will form the baseline from which the project planning can proceed (MGT8022, USQ 2013) The more formal business case contains more quantitative information for decision making purposes.Applying these principles to US Toys Business case, it is evident that it does not include detailed quantitative information. Though SOWT/TOWS analysis has been included in the Appendix, it does not cross reference to the main objectives of the purpose. mend presenting the business case tothe stakeholders, it is imperative to talk about key strengths of the organization and how they can be leveraged to switch the weaknesses or to exploit opportunities for the benefit of the organization. In addition to this, benefit analysis is shown for the option being recommended. This gives an printing process of being forced to take that option instead of recommendation. By including benefit analysis for the option 2 outright purchase of a pre-packaged application, business case would have provided a comparability for the stakeholders in taking an informed decision. Upon review of US Toys business case, it is evident that risk mind involves continuous monitoring and assessment ongoing derriere. It would be beneficial to use spiral model for the proposed solution. By clarifying on the forthcoming risks unknown at the point will be known in the course of time during project execution. This provides a framework to manage risks.Figure (Adapted from Turner, 2009 The Spiral Model Chapter 11, figure 11.3) As depicted in the above figure, by advising an appropriate model like spiral model, will provide a framework of project management methodology being followed for the proposed project. This will clarify to the decision makers that process of risk assessment is continuous and does not end with those listed in the business case. As the project progresses, a mechanism is in place to identify risks and appropriate risk response planning is incorporated. According to Turner (2009), projects has three levels of planning the integrative level, the strategic level and tactical level. The business case would have presented with greater value by defining the objectives at the above three levels like efficiency improvement as strategi c level, achieving integrating of Warehouse Management System with the recently procured Demand strand Management system as integrating level and dishonord cycle clock in supply chain as tactical level. The summarized objectives as listed in the following table will be value-add to the business case. trainObjective of the proposed projectStrategicWarehouse operational efficiency improvementTacticalReduced cycle times in replenishment of crinkle at stores country-wideIntegrativeSynergy by integrating with Demand Chain Management system Based on the above analysis, it is recommended for all future projects, US Toys project management team should put on a systematic project management processes in addressing their deficiencies particularly financials and controls analysis in the formation of business case. Thesuccessful project deliverables are dependable upon system thinking approach involving people, structures and application of processes. It is also recommended that to provi de an assessment of the Project/Stakeholder relationships to have a better understanding of relationships. References Archibald, R 1992, Managing high technology programs and projects, second edn, John Wiley, New York, USA. Gambles, I 2009, Making the business case proposals that succeed for projects that work, Ashgate, Farnham, UK, pp. 1-20. Gardiner, PD 2005, Project Management A Strategic Planning Approach, Palgrave Macmillan, New York MGT8022 Project- base management, Study book -University of Southern Queensland, 2013. PMI 2013, A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 5th edn, Project Management Institute, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania.Turner, RJ 2009, The handbook of project-based management Leading strategic change inorganisations, 3rd edn, McGraw Hill, New York Young, TL 2006, Successful Project Management, 2nd edn, Kogan Page Limited, London. APPENDIX I US Toys BUSINESS CASE Introduction US Toys is a leading seller of Toys merchandise in the wo rld with 700 plus stores in United States and 900 plus international stores located in United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, Germ each, France, Spain, Australia, Hong Kong, mainland China and Japan. This business case is for proposed enhancements to current Warehouse Management System for increased operational efficiency. Demand Chain Management (DCM) is a Teradata product currently employed by the US business to control stemma flow from the vendor-to-DC (Distribution Centre) and DC-to-store. DCM supports the full automation of these functions by utilizing the RDF (Retail Demand Forecast) forecast and applying proactive inventory management policies. include in scope for the DCM project are enhancements to the International Warehouse Management System (WMS) to enable to expeditiously process store replenishment orders generated by DCM. Overview Vision To ship less criterion of an item to stores but more frequently and ensure that forecasted necessity (from RDF) is covered, as well as m inimum shelf assembly line (MSS).Organisational Objective US Toys is restructuring its business operations for cost effectiveness and has set a target of change operational efficiency by 10 by year 2014. By shipping less quantity but frequently will leave in reduced idle inventory in stores and statistical distribution centres. Business Case Purpose of Business case DCM will generate new SOQs (Store Order Quantity) all(prenominal) day that will be usedto pull goods from DCs to Stores as needed, based on the sales prerequisite forecast from RDF. Instead of processing a abundant batch of Transfers early in the week, the DCs workload will likely adjust so that smaller waves are processed each day for stores that have a scheduled delivery (Appendix C System Flow). Maximize cross dock ability (to ship the goods to stores, which have been received by Distribution Centre on the same day hence eliminating storage length and effort for put away operations (Appendix C System Flow).Bus iness Case Sponsor This business case is sponsored by Senior Vice President merchandising Senior Vice President buy Situational Assessment and Problem Statement Current process and its limitations when compared to the proposed solution can be summarized in the following table Operational Process/AttributeCurrent ProcessProposed SolutionFrequencyStores get shipment from DC once in a week which is resulting in huge costs in terms of trailers, labour and storage (floor area)Instead of processing a large batch of Transfers early in the week, DCs workload will likely adjust so that smaller waves are processed each day for stores that have a scheduled delivery.User InterfaceCurrent process has to be run from a legacy terminal and maintenance of these terminals is cost intensive.A new web interface is being proposed for the DC to use to plan and create waves that will process both Transfers and Receivers from Interactive Transfers System (existing Legacy system), as well as SOQs from DCM. By having a web interface, wave can be planned and process from any system (like PC or Laptop) instead of current use of legacy terminals cross(a) Dock EfficiencyCurrently receivers (shipment from vendors) and transfers (shipment from DC to stores) are run independently. This limits cross dock ability.To maximize cross-dock, daily receipts will be processed for all stores, each day.PrioritizationCurrent process does take into account trailer capacity. This results in shipping those goods which are not required immediately. Goods which are required urgently are put onto next trailer which results in a weeks delay.Service Level Maintenance is being proposed through a web interface which will be used as input in generating the wave. If a trailer does not have capacity, low priority goods will be excluded from that days shipment and will be included in subsequent wave.Optimize Case PickCurrent transfer system does not optimize case picks (where a carton has to be opened and ship said soul pieces).Theproposed system will utilize current and future needs of a store for optimizing the case picks to a full carton thereby case pick operation is optimized. Assumptions and Constraints Based on SWOT/TOWS analysis as listed in Appendix A, following assumptions and constraints have been summarised. Assumption DCM system is live and in use before building the proposed system. All web interfaces are being developed for Internet Explorer browser. Proposed enhancements are for International Warehouse Management System and do not include domestic transfers/receipts. Any customisation to DCM is not included in the current scope.Constraints Proposed enhancements will handle multiple distribution centres within a country. Cross country transfers are not possible. Identification and Analysis of Options Identification of Options Following options are available to the organization Option 1Do nothing Option 2Purchase packed Warehouse Management System and interface with Demand Chain Management system. Option 3Enhance the current in-house developed Warehouse Management System. Comparison of Options Key parameter proportion of options is summarized as CriteriaOption 1Option 2Option 3CostNothingUS 1.5 million plus recurring license fee of US 7,500 per instance if purchased instance basis or 25,000 enterprise wide.US 0.5 million and no on-going costs as current support teams can support the enhanced system.HardwareNot applicableServer Infrastructure need to be upgraded costing US 1 million.None as Current radix can handle the enhancements.Benefits to PurchasingNot applicableIntegrated packaged solution will benefit buying in making purchasing decisions based on actual stock in DC stores and forecasted demand.Enhanced Warehouse Management System is integrated with DCM thus providing enhanced abilities to make purchasing decision.Benefits to MerchandisingNot applicableOff the shelf package require customization to enable Merchandising to integrate with current lega cy systems.Ability to run transfers/receipts on daily basis will result in efficient use of Distribution Centre floor space, trailers and labour. Recommended Option Based on the comparison and benefit analysis in Appendix B, Option 3 Enhancements to Warehouse Management system is recommended for the organization at this point in time. Implementation Strategy Based on the details explained in part 6, Enhancements to Warehouse Management System is scoped as below Project Title Project is being recognise as iWMS Internetenabled Warehouse Management System Target Benefits Web Interface to plan and create waves to process transfers and receipts. Web interface to maintain service levels for inventory (Prioritization) Optimized case pick and re-packing Outputs Browser based interactive screen to process transfers and receipts.Integration with DCM system to update replenishment information for future demand forecasting. Budget Cost break down of Option 3 Enhancements to Warehouse Manageme nt System. ActivityEstimated Cost (in US Dollars)Initiation and planning25,000Development Costs300,000Testing Unit and integration25,000Implementation Costs including documentation, training and travel.150,000 Appendix A SWOT/TOWS Analysis Strengths-SWeakness-W1. Brand Value1. Inefficient use of floor space in DC.2. Quality Processes2. Delay in shipping high priority goods to stores3. experience trailers3. Stock out in stores even if the stock is in DCO-OpportunitiesSO StrategiesWO- Strategies1. Efficient Cross Dock Ability1. By cross docking receipts will improve Distribution Centre floor space and stock the goods for seasonal demands.(S2/O1)1. Increase efficiency in customer communication by several mediums like affable media and internet (W1, W3, O1)2.Web Interface2. Flexibility to run waves either from PC or Laptop S2,S3/O22. Provide evoke efficient means to process transfers/receipts (W1.O2)3. Prioritisation3. By prioritizing goods, high priority goods are delivered to sto res just in time (JIT) S1,S2, S3/O33. Prioritization of goods will result in efficient trailer utilization (W1, W2, O1,O2, O3)T-ThreatsST StrategiesWT Strategies1. Increasing Competition1. By programming trailers like small or medium instead of standard 18 wheelers result in go off efficiency (S2,S3,T1,T2, T3)1. Implementing lean, Kanban quality processes to reduce non-value add processes. (W1, T3, T1)2. Increasing fuel costs2. Focus on selected market fraction for long term growth and market penetration (S1,S3, T2, T1)2. With high service quality and shelfs full of products, reduce the risk of losing customers (W1, W2, T1, T3)3.