Common Mistakes in Your Blogs

Dear Writers, Let me share with you the common mistakes of writing blogs: many dont include the title of the blog, and leave it with the default name: New post at 8 Jun 2011 13:49:33. Its very wrong, following the guide published in the news: How to promote your blog in the Internet, it says there: It is very important to have your keyword as a title(anchor text) for a link, as it will raise your positions in Search Results for this keyword. Do not neglect with this and include the keywords you are using in the blog title as well. many of you publish whole papers in the blogs. Its ok, but not all of your blogs should be like that. Remember about keywords, and that you should adjust each blog post (even if its a paper) with the needed amount of keywords (choose about 2-3 of them, and fill the blog post with this keyword). Advice: Do not write blogs on any topics, choose 3-4 topics you specialise at, choose definite keywords you want to advertise your account with, and write blogs using these definite keywords. This way is much better, as your link will appear on the first page of Google request on your keywords faster, than if you write each blog with different keywords. Remember to make a keyword research using free tool: https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal in order to find low competitive keywords. Put definite goals before yourself, like to appear in top 10 results in Google by request: fate in romeo and juliet essay. And do everything possible to be in top 10 by this request (How you can check this?- Put your chosen keyword in google and check on what page your link appears). After you reach your goal I am more than sure customers will start coming to you by this requests. But this is all about long-term perspective and gaining customers. Please, leave your comments if you have any questions, ThePensters Team

The Field Of Journalism And Education - 1320 Words

Society often refers to journalism as the fourth estate, in conjunction with the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government. As a profession that is regarded with such an influential nickname, it is essential that the field of journalism be well equipped with professionals who possess the necessary knowledge and skills to provide society with valid and objective reporting. The skills that make up a strong journalist are thoroughly introduced and taught throughout an individual’s undergraduate studies in the department of journalism. However, the skills possessed can become better refined through furthering education and experiences. A journalist who desires to obtain a higher set of skills and more in-depth knowledge can†¦show more content†¦The Department of Communications at CSUF offers, a program that has been â€Å"fully accredited by Accrediting Council on Education and Mass Communication,† and has certification from the Public Relations S ociety of America (Comm). Students who are interested in applying to this highly accredited graduate program must meet the necessary requirements to be a possible candidate. As one of the more impacted CSU’s, students hopeful for acceptance into the program at Fullerton must meet a variety of requirements. According to CSUF Department of Communications website, students applying must meet specific academic requirements including, a minimum grade point average of a 3.0 in their last 60 units of coursework, a score of 153 or higher on the Graduate Record Examination’s verbal portion, and either a background in a communication disorder or nine-units of theory based undergraduate courses (Comm). The Department of Communications also states that, a student’s application must obtain required documentation including, â€Å"a scholarly writing sample,† letters of recommendation from three individuals, and a letter written by the applicant that delineates their sp ecific objectives, interest, and goals in pursuing a Master in Communications (Comm). These requirements will be conventionally laid out in formal application that must be filed with the

Sector dominance ratio of financial market - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sector dominance ratio of financial market. Answer: Ratio Analysis Year-To-Year Comparison Based on the depiction of 2016 to 2017 the ROA has decreased from 5.5% to 5.2%. The ROC has reduced from 6.8% to 6.5%. The cash from operations has reduced from USD 1,269 in 2016 to $ 1,163.5 in 2017. In addition to this the cash from investing has also reduced. The current ratio and quick ratio has increased from 1.7x in 2016 to 3.5x in 2017 and 1.5x in 2016 to 3.2x in 2017. The total debt to capital has further increased from 129.4% in 2016 to 154.2% in 2017. The total debt to capital has increased from 56.4% in 2016 to 60.7% in 2017. Formula Descriptions ROA is calculated by net income reported for a period and dividing the same with total assets. ROC is EBIT divided by capital employed. Current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities and quick ratio is current receivables added to short term investment divided by current liabilities. The total debt is to equity ratio is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity (Uechi et al. 2015). Explanations for changes The reducing trend of the ROA is visible because of the reducing income and profits in 2016 to 2017. The increasing liabilities has led to decreasing tendency of ROC in 2017. The cash from the investment activities has reduced due to Investment in Marketable Equity Security and high exposure to divestitures. The high amount of the current ratio clear shows that the company has not efficiently utilised its assets to pay the liabilities. The same is applicable for quick ratio as well (Hidayat and Meiranto 2014). Balance Sheet Analysis Year to year comparison The total cash and ST investment has been seen with an increase from 2016 to 2017. This has been seen to be evident with $ 1460.4 in 2016 and $ 3607.1 in 2017. The total receivables have been seen to increase from USD 403.5 to USD 421.9. The total current assets have been seen to be USD 2097 in 2016 and 4339.8 in 2017. The current liabilities have increased from $ 1210.7 in 2016 to $1257.7 to 2017. Fluctuations in terms of percentage The total fluctuation in terms of percentage for total cash and ST investment has been seen to be an increase of 147%. The total receivables have been seen to be based on an increase of 5%. The total current assets have been seen with an increase of 107%. The current liabilities have increased by 4%. The total liabilities have been depicted with an increase of 33% from 2016 to 2017. Rationale for the fluctuations The reason for the positive changes has been evident due to lower percentage increase in the current liabilities than the assets. Income statement analysis Year to year comparison The year to year comparison of total revenue has shown an increase of total revenue from $ 4145.8 in 2016 to $ 4453.3 in 2017. The gross profit has shown an increase from $1964.4 in 2016 to $ 2161 in 2017. The other operating expenses has shown an increase from $ 302.3 in 2016 to 353.2 in 2017. The operating income has hiked from $ 1662.1 in 2016 to $ 1807.8 in 2017. Fluctuations in terms of percentage Revenue has been depicted with a percentage increase of 7%. The percentage increase in the gross profit has been seen with 10%. The percentage increase in the operating income has been seen to be 9%. Rationale for the fluctuations The rationale for the increasing gross profit, operating income and total revenue is due to higher return from sales and thin increase in cost of goods sold. Reference List Hidayat, M. A. and Meiranto, W. (2014) Prediksi Financial Distress Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia, Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 3(ISSN (Online): 2337-3806), pp. 111. Uechi, L., Akutsu, T., Stanley, H. E., Marcus, A. J. and Kenett, D. Y. (2015) Sector dominance ratio analysis of financial markets, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 421, pp. 488509. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2014.11.055.

American Poet Essay Conclusion Example For Students

American Poet Essay Conclusion Mrs. Glasser and Mrs. Rau have a lot in common. Theyre both English teachers and they both work at Sachem North. They are also married with no kids. But thats where the similarities stop. They have different opinions and different likes and dislikes. Mrs. Glasser was born on February 21 in Smithtown. Her first name is Diane and Shes an Aquarius. She is the youngest out of 3 children in her family. Shes not really sure of her favorite color. She likes the group Destinies Child and her favorite movie over the summer was what lies beneath. She loves junk food and anything salty. In school her favorite subjects were Math and English. As a cheerleader she entered many competitions. Her favorite room in her home is the living room because she knows all her work is done and she can relax. The saddest time in her life was when her parents died and the happiest was when she got married. She has no kids, but shes got 2 cats. Her goal in life is to be successful. Shes attracted to people with a positive attitude on life. If she could change anything about herself, she would be more spontaneous. Mrs. Rau was born on January 24 in Brooklyn. Like Mrs. Glasser, Mrs. Rau is also an Aquarius. Shes the oldest of 3 children in her family. Her favorite colors are red, yellow, and purple because they are bright happy colors. The kind of music she likes is rhythm and blues, but she hates rap. Her Favorite movies are Silent Storm, Little Shop of Horrors, and Ace Ventura. These movies are funny and make her laugh. She likes Italian foods and foods with spices. She doesnt like desserts though. She enjoys reading, running, weight lifting, gardening, landscaping, and boating. Her favorite rooms in her home are the living room and the work out room. The saddest moment of her life is when her younger cousin died. Her goal in life is to teach English. She hopes to retire someday and move to a roomy house near water. If she could change anything about herself it would be her height because she is too small. She likes people who are responsible and hates people who use and take advantage of oth er people. Mrs. Glasser and Mrs. Rau have a lot in common. The difference is that they have certain likes and dislikes.

Exceptional Guidelines for a Literature Review Format

What is a literature review? A literature review is not an annotated bibliography in which you briefly summarize each article youve reviewed. Well, a summary of what youve read is contained in the literature review, but it goes way beyond just summarizing professional literature. A literature review mainly focuses on specific topics youre interested in, giving a critical analysis of the subject concerning different issues and thereafter, relating the research done with your work. It could be done as a single paper or maybe a theoretical framework and criteria for a research study; more like a dissertation or thesis. Step by Step Guide on How to Format a Literature Review Do you know how to format a literature review? This is step by step guide very useful to use for your literature review format. Weve gone a step further and integrated some of the tools that would be helpful and that you might need in the process of organizing and understanding how to format a literature review. We also have links to guide you to where you can get more help on literature review format guidelines. Besides the guides that were going to give you, it is also crucial that you locate some of the literature review format examples in your field of study to get a clear understanding of what literature review truly is. Review the APA Guidelines Make an Order What is a literature review APA? It is vital that before you go ahead with your literature review paper format that you read through and understand the common core elements to consider on literature review format APA. To be precise, pay close attention to the general document guidelines (e.g., the expected font, spacing, margins), abstract, body, quotations, text citations and even more, title page. Choose a Specific Topic This will help you narrow down on your research. For instance, it will be of great importance if your topic of choice is the same one youre going to do in your final M.E.d. Project or to some extent related to your final project. In as much, youre free to choose any topic you see fit. Identify the Literature Youre Interested in Reviewing Go a step further and acquaint yourself with some of the online databases and select the databases that are relevant to your field of study. Be careful to use only relevant databases; you can go ahead and use the Google Scholar to help you with your search. Consider the following tips: Experiment with different searches. Redefine your topic; if maybe the topic is too broad. Identify classic studies or landmark and theorists to provide you with a basic framework of what your study expects. Careful Analysis of the Literature Youve already identified the articles you need to review, now go ahead and analyze. A brief overview of the articles; Skim the pieces to have an idea of the general purpose and content of the article. Quick tip, as you read the articles, note down some of the essential points for future references. Define key terms. Highlight the vital statistics you need to use in your article review format introduction. Choose some of the quotations you might want to use. Of note, direct quotations must be accompanied by references and quote only when you think some essential meaning would be lost in translation. Each article focuses on different aspects, therefore, note emphasis, strengths, and weaknesses. Look out for the major trends and patterns; make notes of patterns over time as reported in the literature. Look out for gaps in the text and reflect on their existence. Be keen on relationships between studies; address these relationships in your writing and discuss their relevant studies. Focus entirely on your topic. Do a reference evaluation for currency coverage; you can always find more articles on your topic but you ought now to decide at what point youre done collecting resources and now need to focus on your writing. Your reference list should be up to date. Summarize the Literature Review Using a Concept Map or Table Format In your article review format, tables could come in handy to help you organize an overview and summarize your findings. If you choose to include tables in your literature review format, then you must accompany it with an analysis that summarizes, interprets and digests the literature you charted in the table. Use Microsoft Word to create a table, or you can first create the table in Excel and then on completing, go ahead and import the Excel sheet into Word. Excel enables you to sort findings according to Variety. Some of the tables includes: Key concepts and terms Research methods Research results summary Digest the Literature Before Writing the Review Make an Order This is where the notes and summaries you made are of help. Using the above, develop a review paper format outline. Consider your voice and purpose before you begin How to reassemble your notes Come up with a topic outline that supports your argument Reorganize notes according to argument paths Within topics, look out for areas that need more research Plan to summarize, present conclusions and impacts, and different directions for future research purposes. Writing the Review Know the broad problem area Indicate the importance of the topic being reviewed Distinguish your research findings from other information sources and be specific on your time frame For citations, identify them as such. On issues you wont be discussing, refer the reader to reviews Justify your comments and avoid long lists on nonspecific references All relevant resources must be cited Always have a conclusion; how you end the review depends on your reason for writing. For instance, for stand-alone reviews, you need to make clear how the content in your review supported the proposition or assertion made in the introduction. Conclusion It is essential to understand the literature review format APA guidelines before you go ahead with your article review format. Do you now know what is a literature review APA? Follow this guide, and youll be well on your way to formatting an excellent literature review.

Contemporary Labor Economics Book Summary

Contemporary Labor Economics Book Summary The book, â€Å"Contemporary Labor Economics† by McConnell, Brue, and Macpherson discusses comprehensive issues surrounding labor economics and variable that interact within its parameter. Factually, the authors are specific on theoretical perspectives, trial of these theories and presentation of their results in an interesting gesture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Contemporary Labor Economics†: Book Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapters seven, eight, nine, and ten dwell in compensation analysis, wage structure, mobility and unionization of labor variable and their effect in perfect and imperfect markets based on different assumptions. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review these chapters and identify specific issues discusses by the authors on compensation analysis, wage structure, mobility and its components, and unionization variables. Besides, the paper ide ntifies assumptions presented by these authors and how the same can be related to the contemporary labor market behavior. Chapter Seven The main topic of discussion in this chapter is the operation of fringe benefits and variable that affects it when being portioned to total compensation effect. Fringe benefits and wage earnings are identified as the main components of compensation summation. However, fringe benefits are apportioned a larger share in the total compensation matrix due to the fact that their influence has experienced a consistent growth over the last decade in the labor market. These fringe benefits are classified as social security, unemployment compensation and employee’s compensation for every unit of labor given. In classification, these fringe benefits assume the form of insurance benefits, paid leaves, and legally acquired benefits to a worker for every unit of labor delivered against the revenue realized. Besides these, retirement benefits and savings ar e included in the summation of the fringe benefits accrued by a worker. However, the type and form of fringe benefits are never universal. Rather, they are influenced by the type of industry in which labor operates, ration and occupational groups. This is due to the fact that governments and other agencies have introduced laws and regulations aimed at pushing for higher and reliable compensation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most instances, the authors opine that blue collar employees have a larger share of the legally, construed benefits than their counterparts in white collar jobs as redistribution economics operate. In a bid to extrapolate this relationship, the authors discuss the theory of optimal fringe benefits as a certain reason for the experienced growth over the last decades. Reflectively, the variables interacting within the parameters of this the ory are leisure and income within the normal indifference curve. Consequently, the resulting isoprofit curve becomes flexible to different bundles of budget constraints that might be present at each level of computation. Further, the authors assert that indifference curve is a product of various fringe benefits and wage rates that interact simultaneously to yield same utility level for each worker. When all other factors are held constant, higher swing of the indifference curve indicate higher levels of utility. Irrespective of the inclination of the indifference curve, it is apparent that levels of tax advantage determine the resultant fringe benefit accrued. Specifically, to support this notion, the authors prove that benefits accrued from pension plans are taxable upon confirmation of receivership by an employee. Besides, the principle, dividends and interest which are part of the summation of pensions, are best achieved through pretax accumulation on the fringe benefits. The aut hors identify the need for intrinsic substitution as a component of the decision science aimed at managing the fringe benefits. In such case, the forgone alternative would be forfeiting leisure related savings for health and pension needs which are characterized as basic for every worker. The adoption of this thought is influenced by the fact that basic needs are more critical than the secondary needs in the matrix of fringe benefits. Besides, the long term effects of purchasing the basic needs is greater than that of opting to acquire secondary needs upfront.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Contemporary Labor Economics†: Book Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another important concept addressed by these authors is the employer’s isoprofit curve. This curve addresses the interaction between labor efficiency and pay schemes. This curve measures the wages and fringe benefits as they interact at every level of the profit baseline. Tax advantages to employers, scale of economies, and efficiency are major factor that led to growth of fringe benefits. Therefore, as fringe benefits increase, the authors opine that workers utility will increase in the same ratio. In drawing the curve, the initial assumptions are that the market operates within a normal profit margin in total employment and product market as part of the overall compensation effect per worker. Generally, the authors are optimistic that substantial changes for each cluster of wages and benefits are negligible within the ‘employer’s isoprofit curve’. The same relationship functions in the Wage-Fringe optimum. As performance and pay interact in the labor market, the authors indicate that there is a proportional relationship between performance and pay for each unit of labor given to a firm (principal) against the compensation offered. Unbalance relationship between pay and performance may resu lt in principal-agent problem which might culminate in under utilization of labor units since the agent (employee) may opt to increase leisure through reduced efforts in work. In order to avoid this unwanted scenario, the authors propose different forms of incentive compensation such as tournament pay, royalties, profits, and bonuses plans. In most cases, employers control these incentives and limit them as a fraction of the total revenue after factoring cost of production and each labor unit. When implementing these incentive plans, it is important to concentrate on personal performance bonuses as opposed to team bonuses which promote joyride attitude among workers since the process has no specific measure for distributing incentives. The firm can also opt for equity compensation under which employees are encouraged to take ownership of the firm in form of stocks.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When implanting compensation plans, it is important for the firm to consider the efficiency of each labor unit against the wage payments. These units should be quantified in line with performance targets and revenue accrued. In order to achieve this, the authors propose introduction of regulatory agents such as supervisors who work alongside the employees. As a result, the fractional reduction of labor cost per unit on the budget of an employer is referred to as the resultant wage efficiency matrix. This matrix is dependent on homogeneous labor inputs wages at market-clearing parameters. Conclusively, this chapter introduces the aspect of theories in explaining the interaction between compensation and efficiency of labor units within and without the equilibrium. Chapter Eight The wage structure forms the main topic of discussion in this chapter. Reflectively, the authors state that equilibrium and transitional wage differentials offer valid explanation on the elicit labor differenti al persistence in the labor markets. Interestingly, the authors relate homogeneous jobs to perfect competition within the labor market. In the ideal, workers will have limited option apart from changing jobs until optimal satisfaction is achieved through creation of a theoretical balanced characterized by identical wage payment across same industry. However, in reality labor wage rate variances are persistent in both empirical and casual rates despite the theoretical balance. These variances are attributed to inconsistency between casual and empirical wage rate reviews. The authors state that nonwage factors such as fringe benefits, job location, job status, wage advancement prospects, earnings regularity, and risk of death or injury in a job have substantial influence on supply decisions since they form part of wage differentials. Consequently, their intrinsic influence forms part of the overall wage differentials that are part of the generated labor supply effect. Skills and exper ience are as important as the nonwage factors on wage differentials. In the ideal scenario, that is, all other factors are held constant, when there is a decision crisis involving review of wages in a production line, a rational employer would opt for increasing wages paid to highly skilled workers an employee retention strategy. The rate of wage increase will be higher for the highly skilled than what the low skilled counterparts eventually get. Efficiency of wage theories offers a better explanation on the above scenario. These theories are based on the same notion that higher turnover of labor units translate into higher wages paid, even though the ratio may not be proportional in perfect and imperfect labor markets. Besides, labor environments with limited quantifiable variables for reviewing performance are a recipe for high wages given to employees since the principal may not be in a position to measure efficiency of each labor unit against wage compensation. Further, the auth ors concur that heterogeneous workers are responsible for the continuous wage disparities since the group competes on the nonwage aspects of work within a varying stock capitals that are of human nature. Consequently, the quantifiable result would be unbalanced labor preferences within differing market consistency on every unit of labor. The authors propose hedonic theory of wages to classify this form of interaction between workers that have wage preference variances when interacted with ideal job amenities of nonwage nature. The most likely effect would be the standard labor market’s inability to churn wage differentials that are sustainable for employees sharing similar capital stocks of human nature and counterparts with varying capital stocks of human nature. Market information placement in presented as another vital determinant of wage differentials. Market information influences the behavior of the labor market, its efficiency, and optimal operation. Thus, imperfect an d costly market labor information is a major contributor towards persistent labor differentials at micro and macro levels of the labor market. Besides, when their effect is long term, then outcome may assume the form of long-lasting differential wage imbalances that are transitional from a period to another. Consequently, wage structure immobilites such as institutional, geographic, and institutional may last longer than usual. Reflectively, these immobilites are clear indicators of differences in wage rates within a similar industry for workers with same educational level, skills, and experience. Chapter Nine The baseline issue of this chapter is the determinants of mobility and their influence on labor market variables. The two major types of mobility are categorized as occupational geographical mobility. Reflectively, occupational mobility depends on labor units and profession of the worker. On the other hand, geographical mobility is influenced by location and change of the same due to changes in geographical location of labor provision environment. In the process of changing occupational and geographical location, the underlying decision science is the overall effect of the same on capital structure of a worker. Generally, overall expected outcome is measured as a ratio of total cost of investment on the relocation. For instance, transportation expenses, psychic costs, and forgone income during transition form part of the cost matrix. The main factors that influence every geographical pr occupational migration are family status, distance, educational level, likelihood to move, and age of the worker. The chances of moving and age are often inversely proportional since older people prefer a settled life than younger people. Family status and education attainment share a positive relationship with mobility forces in the labor markets. However, likelihood of movement and distance to cover share a negatively skewed relationship to mobility intentions. Specific ally, the unemployed have a more likelihood to migrate than the employed. In addition, when the destination exhibits higher chances of unemployment, then movement towards that location may be very minimal in the mobility decision framework. As a variable of the market labor mobility, efficiency in ‘allocative’ contributors is significant in balancing distribution of labor units between low and high employment values. Reflectively, then value of marginal product determines forms the regulatory effect on perfect competition and costless movement. The two components will swing until the regulator balances for employments sharing sale efficiency on ‘allocativeness’. However, this interaction holds in a labor market with perfect knowledge of all determinant variables operating in a similar employment industry. Due to similar experience, skills, and educational attainment, the wage rates are likely to balance as the regulator moderate the two determinant variable s at constant mobility parameter. Despite the perfect regulation, several interacting externalities are identified as determinants of migration ease. As a result, these externalities are associated with minimization of gains realized on the migration efficiency matrix. The worst case occurs when pecuniary externalities interact with ‘allocative efficiency’ to further minimize these gains. The authors propose wage differentials to balance the effect of these externalities. In different labor markets, wage differentials generate a recurring capital and product flows that interact concurrently to initiate an equalized balance on wages in long term. Besides, it minimizes the extent of labor migration. Adopting a comparative statistics, the authors present data on the position immigrations related to labor within America at more than half a million annually. Interestingly, this figure upsurges yearly. Due to an influx of the illegal immigrants in the labor market, the author s conclude that they are responsible for the depressed wage rates in the casual labor market. However, their influence is inconsequential, especially at macro level of the labor market. Chapter Ten Labor unionization is the main topic of discussion in this chapter. As a result of industrialization, the authors assert that labor management moved from being individual oriented to a group issue. The process occurred gradually has spread across the entire labor markets across the world. Labor unions command the ratio of 1:9 of the entire world workforce. That is, for every ten workers, one has been unionized. The comparative study indicates that productive industries boast of stronger labor unions than service provision counterparts. The same relationship is indicated in public verse private entities. The former commands better organized labor unions than the latter. This chapter indicates that determinants of ease of unionization include race, age, and gender. Reflectively, male worker s belong to more unions than their female counterparts. Therefore, the more enlightened population in urban industries are likely to being to a labor union than their coworkers in remote rural settings due to dynamics of urban settlement. The three key components of a typical labor union include the peak line consisting of an organ entrusted with formulating protection policies and pushing for their implementation with employers. The middle part of the labor union triangle comprises of an organ that negotiates with individual employers on better terms for their members and check the excesses of their principal. The baseline of the labor union triangle comprises of agents entrusted with the duty of recruiting more members and offering legal advice. The survival of labor unions is currently under threat due to the dynamics of a modern workplace. As nations pass laws to protect employees, the role of labor unions has been greatly reduced. Besides, interaction between the domestic outpu t and demographic structure has made it difficult for labor unions to operate smoothly. In addition, modern employees have introduced effective public relations programs among their employees who have better avenues for expressing their grievances within moments without necessarily politicizing every conflict. Besides labor union characteristics, the paper identifies two union models, that is, monopoly union model and ideal model. Under the monopoly union model, the underlying assumption is that the union is responsible for setting the most appropriate wage rates as the firm controls the union’s employment level on the preset wage rate. Reflectively, this scenario shows that wages are likely to increase as employment levels decline at perfect market interaction parameter. However, the efficiency and practicality of this model is faulted by the authors since it may prove difficult to strike a balanced relationship between the wage rate setters and employment level regulator. I n most case, there is a higher chance that one person may reap absolute benefits as the other party is reduced to a worst-off position. Reflectively, the ideal model is a moderator of the monopoly model. Also referred to as the efficient contract model, this model offers collective bargain opportunity for the two parties over employment level and wage rates. Since it is a flexible model, both the principal and the agent are given an opportunity to balance their offers before striking a compromise deal. For instance, the union can lower supply of labor, increase demand for labor and negotiate an equilibrium wage bargain for its members. On the other hand, the principal (employer) has the options of controlling labor supply in order to operate within pareto efficiency brackets. In conclusion, this chapter identifies conflicts that are predominant in the interaction between the employer and trade union. These conflicts are theorized in the accident strike model which explains the alter native conflict resolution route when the parties cannot reach an agreement. Therefore, asymmetric information model offers the best explanation for conflict resolution without biasness when the principal and the agent differ.

Political Significance of the News Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Significance of the News Media - Essay Example The central point in our paper will try to close upon the actual significance of news media in registering and reflecting the socio-political transitions against a global mirror. By comparing and contrasting the viewpoints of the libertarian socialist Noam Chomsky, who concentrates on the aspect of totalitarianism practised by the radio stations, television, newspapers and cables in the name of global voice and that of the Glasgow Media Group, which adapts a somewhat open approach to critically define the nature of media coverage by the developed part of the world. There is an astonishing disparity between the news and the story featured by most of the popular media groups for public presentation, thereby manipulating the political discourse in an unprecedented manner. Keeping this in mind, we will take the discussion ahead with the similar and contrasting views on News Media of Noam Chomsky and the Glasgow Media Group. Noam Chomsky has been one of the leading authorities on linguistics, political thought and philosophy of the 20th century. Always known for his unique thoughts, Chomsky has written a great deal about the role of mass media in a democratic state. Asserting that the world of the News Media was dominated by the rich and the wealthy, Chomsky highlighted the narrowness of perspective of this medium (Stark, 1998). In discussing about the media, Chomsky further pointed out that newspapers which reached the masses at large, have witnessed a dwindling of their significance with the sudden surge of the television. With televised news and advertisements being controlled by the wealthy corporate, newspapers have become costlier to the regular reader. Chomsky raised his voice against this very 'corporatisation' of the media. Instead of serving as a strong vehicle of providing real news, the media has almost become a money making machine. Depriving the common man of stirring social and political problems and belittling other important issues, (Scannell, et al, 279), the media has simply become a marketing tool, catering to the needs of the so-called buyers and sellers. Press conferences have attained an unprecedented significance, supplying news continuously, in turn publicizing the role of the government and other business groups. Talking about world politics, Chomsky mentioned that the media championed the U.S government policies, underlining the benevolence of the country. Moving away from these sycophantic assumptions, Chomsky described the role of the News media in analyzing US foreign policy. The news media was strongly influenced by government policy making (Institute of Communication Studies, 2001). In Chomsky's words, the U.S. foreign policy was marked by unique patterns. Adding on to the four freedoms, which Roosevelt propagated during the World War II, of speech, worship, want and freedom from fear, Chomsky spoke of a fifth freedom in U.S. foreign policy. He called this freedom, the right to rob and exploit. Chomsky and co-author Hermann affirmed that the U.S. encroached upon the human rights of a few dependant economies,

The current national security structure of the united states Essay

The current national security structure of the united states - Essay Example nsists of both statutory members who are President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense and statutory advisers who are the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) and the Director of Central Intelligence. National security and defense authority rests with the President and the Secretary of Defense as his principal assistant who is responsible for the military departments and their efficient operation. The National Command Authorities (NCA) represented by the President and Secretary of Defense direct the execution of military action and movement of troops. The Departments of Defense is responsible for maintaining Armed Forces to ensure effective military action, the security of the United States as well as advance of the national policies and interest of the United States. DOD is composed of Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff DOD Staff, 16 Defense Agencies, DOD field activities, military departments and combatant commands. The national security in 21th century was shaken by September, 11 terrorist attacks which questioned the security of U.S borders and its citizens. World known date altered the vision of national security and since then many changes were set in motion to protect border security and still welcome guests in the U.S. The most difficult thing about these changes was keeping the balance between stronger security and facilitating travel and commerce development. (Rice & Chertoff, 2005) As the border protection must be balanced against the demand for the free flow of commerce, Congress tasked the Department of Homeland Security not only with protecting the borders, but also â€Å"ensuring the speedy, orderly, and efficient flow of lawful traffic and commerce.† (Homeland Security Act) Creation of the Department of Homeland Security along with other important bodies like the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Homeland Security Council, the National Counterterrorism Center, and U.S.

Political Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Political Theory - Essay Example Different scholarly works feature what justice is to some historical people. For instance, Aristotle is one philosopher who aims at claiming and establishing sobriety within the helm of justice. His philosophical works of Plato also play the part in the context of determining the viability of being moral. The essay aims at discussing the problem of morality and the appropriate ways to consider justice within all contexts of life, especially that of political leadership. It will consider the significant and distinctive ideologies issued by the subject philosophers and compare with the understanding about the entire scenario. Scholarly evidence indicates that there are different approaches to morality, especially with respect to practicing of justice. There are myriad scenarios where morality counts. For instance, the leadership and practice of professional activities such as medicine require utmost practice of morality. Arguably, their myriad scenarios call for different approaches towards achieving moral standards (Abramson, 2009). Moral standards ought to be detached from any other influence. Such inference can be supported by the Plato’s and Aristotle’s concepts regarding morality. One of the character traits of being moral is observing unobstructed justice. However, there are some contradicting issues regarding how one ought to take or consider being moral. â€Å"Socrates in shorter order will teach him that justice is a different and higher virtue than friendship, that justice in fact operates as a moral brake on what one can do to help friends, family and country.†( Abramson, 2009) The political arena considers distinctive approaches towards morality. Different political literature features some historical or philosophical derivations of what the art of morality entails. Thus, the issue ends with a situation of where

Opinions on Referral Guidelines from Audiology to ENT

Opinions on Referral Guidelines from Audiology to ENT

Why Most Convicted Criminals are Young, Male and Working-Class :: Free Essay Writer

Why Most Convicted Criminals are Young, Male and Working-Class Official crime statistics show that young, working-class males commit most crime. The following are some reasons that I can think of to explain these generalisations. Young ===== I think young people commit crime as they are out of the age group when their parents closely supervise them. Their curfews may have been extended and parents tend to give them a bit more space, privacy and freedom. They are no longer treated as children but are denied the same rights and responsibilities as adults. This can make them feel deprived of status in society and suffer from what sociologists call status frustration. This simply means that they are frustrated their lack of independent status in society. They are also at the stage when their friends are an important part of their (social) life. They want to impress their mates as well as searching for thrills and status among the peer group. Their peer group provides them some support on things to do with school and family and therefore become of great significance. The majority of young people lack responsibilities that include having children, keeping a job and financial demands such as rent or mortgage. The lacking of responsibilities such as these as well as looking for thrills among the peers can often glide young people in the direction of deviant acts that sometimes collide with the law. They might give up these criminal careers, as they grow older due to things such as marriage, parenthood, buying and looking after a home of their own etc. Another reason for why young people engage in crime could be due to the fact that their parents and teachers can no longer control their behaviour. Some sort of breakdown of behaviour control at home and at school may have occurred. These are the only explanations I can find for why a lot of criminals are young. Their offences usually involve trivial things like shoplifting, under-age drinking and are usually peer group related.

Mother of the Quran

Surah fateha is the first chapter of the quran. Its described as â€Å"Mother of the Quran†. It has a great importance for muslims. We cay say it Opening of the quran. This is the surah which we recite daily in Salaah. We start our namaz from this surah. It has just 7 ayats but its most important. It has a great significance in our lives. It's the one of the few surahs which we memorize in our childhood.Theme of Surah fateha Allah delivers a great message for all muslims and man kind also that only Allah (S.W.T). No one deserves much love than Allah because he loves us, he is merciful, he made everything for us to be alive, enjoy, eat and think. He can forgive us if we do tooba from sincere heart. No one can forgive u that much as he. Surah initiates that love allah, follow allah, come closer to him to get reward. If we stay away from him then we can receive anger from him as its mentioned in last ayat. We can't even imagine how much he loves us. Allah describe himself in three verses. â€Å"All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all that exists. The Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Owner of the Day of Judgement.†Surah fateha has so many virtues 2. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said Surah al-Fatiha is†The Mother of the Quran, the Mother of the Book, the Seven Oft-Repeated Verses and the Great recitation.† (Tirmidhi) Prophet himself said it's a great recitation. Which shows that its considered as most influential chapter of quran.Assignment part b:Tafseer of verses of Surah fatihaFirst ayat:†In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.We start surah fatiha with the name of allah. Only with the name we start our every work. We usually do our daily work with this ayat and its so important for every muslim. Allah is the one who gives benefits to us. We ask him and he listens us. If we recite this ayat Allah (S.W.T) protects us from shaitaan. We can't imagine how many times he can forgive us. If we apologize to him with sincere heart then he never disappoints us. Second ayat:†Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds†No one deserves as much praise as he. He is praiseworthy. If we do mistakes he helps us out. He provides us shelter, Food, Happiness, success and at last death also. The one who made such clouds, mountains, rivers, oceans, Beauty of pakistan's northern areas really deserves infinite praise. Third ayat:†The Beneficent, the Merciful†Al-rehmaan and raheem, Allah indeed a rehmaan. He is powerful. He has control on everything in earth. Nothing can't be happened without his consult. He can punish sinners like nation of Shoaib(a.s). On the other side, He can forgive everyone. Forth ayat:†Master of the Day of Judgment†When Allah tells about his mercy, then at the same he warns sinners about day of judgment. Those who did sins all in their life would be punished. Its better to do what Allah as lord of this world wants from us. We must not do that acts which can effect humanity, humans etc. We should keep in mind that the wrong acts we are doing can be dangerous for us. He has right to punish us.Fifth ayat:†We worship You alone, and beg You alone for help.†Allah is the only one whom we workship. He is the only one who created this universe. He is the one who can turn tables around. We can only ask help for him and he will help us out Inshallah. We don't workship anyone except him. If we go for any mission, we should recite this ayat.Sixth ayat:†Guide us in the straight path† We always ask him to give us right path because we are sinking into river of sins. If we go to wrong path then no one can show us right path except him. We should always ask him to show us right path no matters how much we do good deeds. Seventh ayat:†The path of those whom You have favored. Not of those who have earned Your anger and nor of those who have gone astray†We say ya rab show us path of those who were closer to u, who got blessing of u, not path of those who refused to accept your orders, got anger of u rather than blessings. We ask for better path.Assignment part c:Surah fatiha has a great impact on muslims life. The lord of us, the food provider of us, Allah who has just sympathy for us. If we read this surah we realize that how much Allah loves us, how great he is. This surah make us realize that if we ask for apology from him with sincere heart then Inshallah he will never reject it. If we read this surah we realize that he Is telling sinners that I can forgive u and I am merciful but at the same time, he warn us from â€Å"day of judgement† when everyone who did wrong with humanity, never accepted Allah orders. This is a reminder for us about day of judgement. When we recite this surah in every prayer, this makes our relationship with Allah more stronger because this surah has deep meanings, tells us about God mercy.

20 Physical Education Thesis Topics That Worry People in the 21st Century

20 Physical Education Thesis Topics That Worry People in the 21st Century The physical education thesis topics must be actual and popular. It’s necessary to learn what people are interested in. If your topic is not interesting enough, then you will lack the interest to write the paper, and you’ll lose points because the examiners expect to read and learn something interesting and even new. That’s why a student has to do a thorough research to find worthy sources and reliable facts. On the other hand, students may possess facts, but be not ready to identify the topic that might be really captivating and unexplored enough. Physical Inactivity: The Biggest and the Most Dangerous Source of Health Problems in the 21st Century What’s More Effective for Human Health Condition: PE Lessons, Sport, Traditional Exercising Or Dancing? Obesity: The Result of Wrong Nutrition or Lack of Activity One Hour of Physical Activity a Day: Is It Enough to Remain Healthy? What Type of Exercising Is the Most Useful for Weight Loss? Is Fat-free Dairy Healthy and Helpful to Get a Perfect Body? Protein Diet Peculiarities and Gym Exercising for Males and Females: The Cons and Pros What Is the Main Reason for Children’s Obesity and How to Cope with It? How to Become Motivated to Start Leading a Healthy Way of Life and Enlarge Physical Activity? Is It Possible to Have a Perfect Body Combining Fast Food Consumption and Enough of Physical Activity? Can a Person Be Healthy and Have Attractive Body Remaining Physically Inactive? How Does Economic Situation of Less Developed Countries Influence Various Types of Sport That Require Specialized Equipment (e.g., Biathlon, Swimming, Golf, Hockey, Bob Slay, Etc.)? In What Way Does It Influence Overall Global Performance? Can Supplements Substitute Vitamins and Minerals Which Healthy Food Contain? Why Are Male Sports More Popular Among Viewers Than Female One? How Does It Impact Women’s Preferences in Sports Choices and Selection of Possible Career Variants (Connected or Non-connected with Sport)? Can a Person Participate in Sports Competitions without Discrimination If He/She Has Other Religious Beliefs, Belongs to Other Race or Is a Homosexual? Does a Racial Factor Play a Great Role In Sport? (e.g., Afro-Americans Are Believed to Be Excellent Runners and Latin-Americans Are Better Football Players) People Who Have Inborn Skinny or Massive Body Structure and Whose Relatives Are the Same Cannot Gain or Lose Weight Because of Genetics. Is That True? Can High Physical Activity Change the Situation? Some People Are Afraid to Do Professional Sport Because of High Risk of Getting Traumas. The Problem Is That They Don’t Trust Field Medical Remedies. Is It as Effective as Professional Hospital Assistance? What Method of Weight Loss Is the Most Effective: Breathing Exercises, Diets Or High Physical Activity? What Can Facilities for Sports Developing Offer to Different Educational Institutions? One more important point is that physical education is a good issue for investigation. People always will be interested in keeping healthy and fit. Trying to find a worthy topic, it’s necessary to answer FAQ questions on various websites devoted to the healthy way of life including dieting, physical education curriculum, and sport. In this way, you may get not only excellent idea for your thesis but 100% verified facts gotten from real people and not just scientists. People of different professions participate in discussions and may supply you with necessary data. Sample Essay: Dancing as the Best Exercising for Females A great number of people consider dancing to be just a kind of entertainment. People feel good when they energetically move listening to music. Ancient Egyptians danced for their gods before and during various rituals. Dancing was an integral part of rituals performed by Indian tribes. It’s quite problematic to find a dancer with excessive weight. The reason is that dancing requires the use of almost all human muscles. It helps to get rid of fat, acquire perfect body shape, and improve general health condition. Dancing is a perfect choice for females who don’t want to look like a bodybuilder but to be slim and slender. One more benefit of this type of activity is that it slows down the aging process. As a result, dancers look younger than they really are. The statistic shows that regular dancing equals professional swimming, cycling, and running. Dancing helps to prevent osteoporosis that often troubles women. Regular dancing improves bones condition and metabolism process. Such activity also makes blood circulation better resulting in healthier heart and normal blood pressure. Dancing is also a perfect calorie burner. The scientists have estimated that one minute of dancing helps a person get rid of 5-10 calories. Even slow dances are helpful. For example, Waltz and Foxtrot burn 144 calories during one hour basing on 100 pounds. Quick dances like, for example, Salsa and Twist can help to get rid of approximately 290 calories base on 100 pounds. Dancing is beneficial for women with d iabetes and high cholesterol level. Active practicing lowers the level of bad cholesterol and decreases the level of sugar in the blood. Sports improve the functioning of the lungs, and dancing also does that. By the way, dancers have a better memory (because they have to remember a lot of movements and steps for one dance), strong muscle system, and it takes more time for such people to get tired, to say nothing about exhaustion. The survey shows that women have better mood after dancing lessons. Scientists have found out that the reason is in endorphins produced by women’s organism during such lessons. Due to that, females feel less depressed and can cope with more tasks than usual. If a woman wants to have a slender waist and good abdominal muscles without exhausting exercises in the gym, she can turn to Middle Eastern dance. People know it as belly dancing. Quadriceps, gluteus, and hamstrings are used in belly dancing. A dancer uses all parts of the body despite the fact that it’s called â€Å"belly dance†. That’s why belly dancers have attractive hips, nice flat stomach, beautiful arms, and plastic body. In case a person wants to lose weight quickly, it’s necessary to go in for aerobic dancing. Thanks to this dancing type people can lose up to 550 calories per hour! People usually dance in pairs or in groups with the help of an instructor. That’s why scientists believe female dancers don’t feel lonely, improve their social skills, and even prevent early menopause. References: Chandler, T.J. (1988). Emergent athleticism: games in two English public schools, 1800-1860. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 5(3), pp. 312-330. BerkeleyStartupCluster. Eleven Examples Of Successful Dissertation Titles On Physical Education. berkeleystartupcluster.org/a-list-of-ideas-for-dissertation-titles-on-physical-education Thesis Helpers. 10 Outstanding Ideas For Dissertation Topics In Physical Education. thesishelpers.net/creating-winning-physical-education-dissertation-topics/

PROGRAM KERJA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

PROGRAM KERJA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers PROGRAM KERJA PROGRAM SEKOLAH SEHAT, AMAN, RAMAH ANAK, DAN MENYENANGKAN Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) SMP NEGERI 6 PEMULUTAN DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR TAHUN 2015 - 2016 PROGRAM KERJA LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PROGRAM SEKOLAH SEHAT, AMAN, RAMAH ANAK, DAN MENYENANGKAN SMP NEGERI 6 PEMULUTAN TAHUN 2015 - 2016 Disusun oleh: Ketua Komite Sekolah Kepala SMP N 6 Pemulutan Penanggungjawab Program Mulkan, S.Pd. Drs. Jop Ginting NIP. NIP. 196610201998021001 Mengesahkan a.n. Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Kab. Ogan Ilir u.b. Kabid SMP/SMA/SMK Kasi Kurikulum Marsudi, S.Pd., M.M. Pembina NIP. 196702031991031005 RENCANA KEGIATAN PENGEMBANGAN SEKOLAH SEHAT, AMAN, RAMAH ANAK, DAN MENYENANGKAN A. LATAR BELAKANG Sekolah adalah rumah kedua bagi anak. Di tempat inilah orang tua mempercayakan anak-anaknya untuk di didik menjadi orang-orang yang sukses dan bermanfaat bagi agama, orang tua, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Sejuta impian orang tua untuk masa depan anak-anaknya diserahkan kepada sekolah. Bagaimanapun, sekolah merupakan tempat terbaik selain di rumah untuk proses perkembangan anak. Tidak heran jika gerakan membangun sekolah pada hakikatnya adalah upaya membangun generasi emas, unggul secara akademis maupun non akademis. Pendidikan sebagai upaya dalam membentuk manusia Indonesia seutuhnya adalah mutlak keberadaannya. Suatu bangsa tidak akan pernah bisa melepaskan atau mengabaikan masalah pendidikan. Artinya Pendidikan sangat penting dalam membawa suatu bangsa menuju kejayaan, keberadaban dan kemuliaan. Sebagai wujud tanggung jawab pendidik terhadap generasi yang akan datang, sepantasnyalah perlu memberikan teladan serta pendidikan yang baik dan bertanggung jawab. Saat ini dunia seakan khawatir dengan kondisi alam yang sangat mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup makhluk yang ada di muka bumi. Dunia telah berubah dengan adanya kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang membawa dampak terhadap lingkungan hidup. Eksploitasi sumber daya alam secara besar-besaran telah membawa dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup. Banjir, tanah longsor, kekeringan, pemanasan global, dan masih banyak lagi peristiwa-peristiwa alam sebagai akibat dari kecerobohan manusia dalam berperilaku yang tidak peduli lingkungan. Atas dasar itulah pemerintah RI terus berupaya mengembalikan fungsi sekolah pada khitahnya, yakni sebagai tempat yang menyenangkan, sehat, aman, dan ramah bagi siapa saja. Sekolah harus terus didorong menjadi tempat mengasah, mengasih, dan mengasuh peserta didik. Sekolah pula harus didorong untuk terus memperbaiki diri dalam upaya memaksimalkan fungsinya sebagai ruang belajar dan wahana interaksi berbagai manusia dengan budaya dan agama yang berbeda, sehingga sekolah benar-benar menjadi tempat yang mampu menampung semua elemen tanpa memandang status agama, ras, budaya, status sosial, status ekonomi, dan jenis kecerdasan ataupun kemampuan yang dimiliki peserta didik. Jika demikian, maka sekolah akan menjadi rumah yang menyenangkan; guru-guru akan menjadi orang tua yang baik yang selalu dirindukan kehadirannya; sedangkan peserta didik menjadi anak yang seallu merindukan sekolah dan kehadiran para guru dan warga sekolah lainnya. Upaya untuk mengajak dan mengembaikan fungsi sekolah secara hakiki ini dapat disebut sebagai gerakan pencerahan, selain dimulai dari dunia pendidikan juga memiliki visi besar membangun peradaban bangsa Indonesia. Dengan begitu upaya mengembalikan hakiki sekolah dapat dimulai dengan Gerakan Sekolah Sehat, Aman, Ramah Anak, dan Menyenangkan. Menyadari hal tersebut, gerakan ini perlu dilaksanakan di sekolah-sekolah dengan mengandalkan partisipasi warga sekolah. Agar gerakan ini dapat terlaksana secara terkoordinasi, dan dapat mencapai sasaran dan tujuan yang diharapkan, maka perlu disusun sebuah program kerja sebagai acuan kerja warga sekolah khususnya, dan pihak-pihak lain yang terkait khususnya pemangku kepentingan yang peduli terhadap kemajuan sekolah. B. DASAR HUKUM Landasan hukum kegiatan ini adalah: Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2008 tentang Pendanaan Pendidikan. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 tentang Pengelolaan dan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 tentang Pengelolaan dan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 39 Tahun 2008, tentang Pembinaan Kesiswaan. C. TUJUAN / MANFAAT Maksud kegiatan ini adalah dalam rangka menyebarluaskan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan langkah-langkah dalam menyelenggarakan gerakan sekolah yang sehat, aman, ramah anak, dan menyenangkan. Secara khusus tujuan dari gerakan ini adalah sebagai berikut: Membantu warga sekolah dan warga sekitar sekolah dalam memahami berbagai informasi tentang gerakan sekolah sehat, aman, ramah anak, dan menyenangkan. Membantu warga sekolah dan warga sekitar sekolah dalam memahami cara menyusun dan melaksanakan rencana kegiatan Gerakan tersebut di sekolah masing-masing. Membantu warga sekolah dan warga sekitar sekolah dalam memahami dan menguasai cara melaksanakan evaluasi dan pelaporan pelaksanaan kegiatan. Membantu warga sekolah untuk memahami tentang hal-hal yang harus dipenuhi, dijamin dan perlindungan yang harus diberikan kepada siswa. Mengetahui

Management consulting-To what extent is it realistic to expect Essay

Management consulting-To what extent is it realistic to expect consultancies to act ethically - Essay Example Consulting is defined as a practice that involves use of multiple talents and expertise to help solve issues in organizations. In the present business environment business consultants have a very important role that provides them with a good influential position in an organization. This has given rise to many ethical aspects that have emerged after a series of frauds that have come to light recently over the few years (Wang, 2008, p.56). The recent case of Mr. Rajat Gupta involved in a series of corporate frauds and unethical practices illustrates the aspect of unethical practices being used by consultants worldwide. The famous and influential consultant who happened to be the managing director of Mc Kinsey and Co illegally and unethically started a parallel consultancy that had his family members in the top management. Mr. Gupta reportedly indulged in unethical practices like leaking sensitive information and insider trading to get unexercised options worth 1.3 million dollars from GE’s subsidiary arm Genpact (Monadnock Research, 2011). It has also been reported that it is the middle management persons that are most often involved in cases of frauds and unethical practices in business organizations (Monadnock Research-a, 2011). ... In the age of capitalism it has often been stated that consultants and consultancies largely act as certifying agents. The auditors largely acted as an assurance agent for external investors and general public towards the aspect of ethicality and trustworthiness of the business organizations. This aspect in itself has given considerable powers and high status to the consultants who normally act as auditors for business organizations (Sikka, 2009, p.3). With the passage of time since the industrial revelation the world has seen many reforms that also include better surveillance and control by the regulatory authorities on public organizations as well as the financial institutions like banks and stock markets. The growth of business organizations was also followed by a commensurate growth in the consultancy industry. However the aspect of regulations and monitoring was completely absent for this sector that has perhaps led to the growth of unethical practices in the industry (Mahoney, 2011, p.5). The aspect of unethical aspect in the consulting industry has been often traced to the aspect of individualism in the industry. It is a common practice in the consulting industry to make individual consultants accountable for their activities that also includes the aspect of providing accolades for their performances. This has been identified as one of the major reasons for the growing influence of the consultants that in turn has given rise to unethical practise in the industry. This aspect of unethical means has also led to the growth of a popular feeling with regards to the trustworthiness of the consultants with regards to their practices in the industry (Mahoney, 2011, p.3). The trustworthy perception of

PEST Analysis on Financial Crisis As effecting the Essay

PEST Analysis on Financial Crisis As effecting the internationalization of the Fast Food Industry - Essay Example It got 9.5 out of 10- one of the highest ranks. The government is supportive of business ventures initiated by foreign investors and has created incentives like a strong pool of educated workforce, impeccable infrastructure and consistent policies to attract investments. The peaceful conditions also provide security of business for startups or franchises which expand into the nation. There is low tolerance of hard corruption within the Japanese culture and that is reflected in their government so there will not be unnecessary hassles or hurdles for investors looking to develop the market. The Nikkei Keizai Newspaper reported in 2010 that government of Japan was going to introducing preferential tax rates from foreign companies investing in Japan as one of the incentives, they have also established FAZ (Foreign Access zones) as a measure towards creating convenience and value for these investors. A Fast food industry would benefit from these policies like any other industry or firm op erated by foreigners; supply of equipment, raw material (for the actual food) and transport of necessary technology or resources will be easier as well. Some effect on the emerging industry practices will also be from the â€Å"Antimonopoly Act (AMA)† set by the government which includes the Act on prohibition of private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade and several other stator laws. The intended purpose of the law is to discourage any single firm to have a hold on the pricing and supply of an industry- hence the fast food industry would be better served if instead of a single franchise, different franchises entered the market together. Furthermore, the â€Å"system of labour law operating in Japan† which includes the ‘employment agreement’, ‘independent contractor agreement’ or ‘mandate agreement’ might make operations difficult for the franchises which run on the US based system of hiring workers without long term ag reements. 2.2 Economic Conditions Japan is the third largest economy in the world and its economy depends on the international trade. According to 2011-2012 salary survey, the average annual income is about 3,611,556 JPY (48,000 USD).A lack of natural resources such as forests, agricultural plains, mineral deposits etc have forced Japan to build its economy on trade, to earn money to purchase the raw materials for the economy. Japan is the 5th largest importer and exporter in the world. It depends on importing certain commodities such as fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles and raw material from several countries for its industrial sectors. But Japan has also cultivated a mature industrial economy by reserving industrial leaders and technicians and a well-educated and industrious workforce, promoting a culture of high savings and investment rate and intensive promotion of industrial development and foreign trade, making it one of the major importers of technology and electronic de vices in the world. Japan experienced the greatest rate of economic growth From 1960s to 1980s, known as the ‘post war economic miracle’

Cyber Attacks and Politics from a technological and security Essay

Cyber Attacks and Politics from a technological and security perspectives - Essay Example The act of cyber attack is commonly known as the computer network attack (CNA). Politics encompasses the manner in which a nation or political entity is being governed. The term is primarily concerned with the controlling and the administration of the internal and the external affairs of that particular entity. In addition, this term is also applicable in other institutions such as religious or academic with regards to how authority and power is exercised within them and the tactics as well as the methods applied in the formulation and application of policies for the organization. This paper will focus on establishing the cyber attacks acts and politics from either the technological or security point of view. The government of all nations should put in place effective cyber security measures. These should be specifically aimed at detecting and combating all acts of cyber attacks, especially cyber terrorism. This can be done by governments allotting adequate funds to the relevant entities such as the ministry of defense to enable it counter attacks such acts. Cyber security deals with the protection of information and information systems against the significant threats that global computer networks face. Some of these threats include cyber terrorism, cyber espionage and cyber warfare (Czosseck & Geers, 2009). These threats are mainly targeted towards the political, infrastructure and military assets of the nation or at other time people within it. Cyber security is a highly critical issue that nation’s government should enact appropriate strategies of security to handle (Macaulay, 2009). For instance, the federal government of the United State embarked on allotting more than $ 13 billion each year from the year 2010 to cater for the Cyber security. The reason why governments should be concerned with the issue of cyber security with regards to terrorism is because terrorists groups use the

Existentialism Is a Humanism Essay Example for Free

Existentialism Is a Humanism Essay My purpose here is to defend existentialism against several reproaches that have been laid against it. Existentialism has been criticised for inviting people to remain in a quietism of despair, to fall back into a the middle-class luxury of a merely contemplative philosophy. We are reproached for underlining human nastiness, and forgetting, as the Catholic Mme. Mercier has it, the smile of the child. All and sundry reproach us for treating men as isolated beings, largely because we begin with the I think of Descartes. Christians especially reproach us for denying the reality and seriousness of human society, since, if we ignore Gods eternal values, no-one is able to condemn anyone else. Existentialism is being seen as ugliness; our appeal to nature as scandalous, our writings sickening. Yet what could be more disillusioning than repeating those mottoes like dont fight against tradition, or know your station? They say that man is base and doomed to fall, he needs fixed rules to keep him from anarchy. In the end, is not what makes our doctrine so fearful to some merely the fact that it leaves all possibility of choice with man? It has become fashionable to call this painter, or musician or columnist an existentialist a term so loosely applied that it no longer means anything at all. However, it can be defined easily. Existentialists are either Christian, such as the Catholics Jaspers and Gabriel Marcel, or atheists like Heidegger and myself. What they have in common is to believe that existence comes before essence, that we always begin from the subjective. What does this mean? If one considers a manufactured object, say a book or a paper-knife, one sees that it has been made to serve a definite purpose. It has an essence, the sum of its purpose and qualities, which precedes its existence. The concept of man in the mind of God is comparable to the concept of paper-knife in the mind of the artisan. My atheist existentialism is rather more coherent. It declares that God does not exist, yet there is still a being in whom existence precedes essence, a being which exists before being defined by any concept, and this being is man or, as Heidegger puts it, human reality. That means that man first exists, encounters himself and emerges in the world, to be defined 1 Squashed version edited by Glyn Hughes: http://www. btinternet. com/~glynhughes/squashed/sartre. htm 1 afterwards. Thus, there is no human nature, since there is no God to conceive it. It is man who conceives himself, who propels himself towards existence. Man becomes nothing other than what is actually done, not what he will want to be. And when we say that man takes responsibility for himself, we say more than that he is in his choices responsible for all men. All our acts of creating ourselves create at the same time an image of man such as we believe he must be. Thus, our personal responsibility is vast, because it engages all humanity. If I want, say, to marry and have children, such choice may depend on my situation, my passion, my desire, but by it I engage not only myself, but all humanity in the way of the monogamy. In fashioning myself, I fashion man. This helps us to understand some rather grandiloquent words like anguish, abandonment, despair. The existentialist declares that man is in anguish, meaning that he who chooses cannot escape a deep responsibility for all humanity. Admittedly, few people appear to be anxious; but we claim that they mask their anguish, that they flee it. This is what Kierkegaard called the anguish of Abraham. You know the old story: An angel commanded Abraham to sacrifice his son. But anyone in such a case would wonder straight away, is this an angel? am I the Abraham? If we hear voices from the sky, what proves that they come not from hell, or the subconscious, or some pathological state? Who proves that they are addressed to me? Each man must say to himself: am I right to set the standard for all humanity? To deny that is to mask the anguish. When, for example, a military leader sends men to their deaths, he may have his orders, but at the bottom it is he alone who chooses. And when we speak about abandonment, we want to say that God does not exist, and that it is necessary to follow this conclusion to its end. The existentialist is strongly against that sloppy morality which tries to remove God without ethical expense, like the French professors of the 1880s who saw God as a useless and expensive assumption but still wanted definitive rules like do not lie to exist a priori. The existentialist, on the contrary, finds it rather embarrassing that God does not exist, for there disappears with him any possibility of finding values in a heaven. Dostoevsky wrote If God did not exist, everything would be permitted; that is the starting point of existentialism. We are alone, without excuses. That is what I mean when I say that man is condemned to be free. There is no power of beautiful passions which propel men to their actions, we think, rather, that man is responsible for his own passions. The existentialist cannot accept that man can be helped by any sign on earth, for he will 2 interpret the sign as he chooses. As Ponge has truly written Man is the future of man. To give you an example of this abandonment, I will quote the case of one of my pupils who came to me. He lived alone with his mother, his father having gone off as a collaborator and his brother killed in 1940. He had a choice to go and fight with the Free French to avenge his brother and protect his nation, or to stay and be his mothers only consolation. So he was confronted by two modes of action; one concrete and immediate but directed only towards one single individual; the other addressed to an infinitely greater end but very ambiguous. What would help him choose? Christian doctrine? Accepted morals? Kant? I said to him, In the end, it is your feelings which count. But how can we put a value on a feeling? At least, you may say, he sought the counsel of a professor. But, if you seek advice, from a priest for example, in choosing which priest you know already, more or less, what they would advise. When I was imprisoned, I met a rather remarkable man, a Jesuit who had joined that order in the following way: As a child, his father had died leaving him in poverty. At school he was made to feel that he was accepted only for charitys sake and denied the usual pleasures. At eighteen he came to grief in a sentimental affair and then failed his military examinations. He could regard himself as a total failure, but, cleverly, took it as a sign that the religious life was the way for him. He saw the word of God there, but who can doubt that the decision was his and his alone? He could as easily have chosen to be a carpenter or a revolutionary. As for despair, this simply means that we will restrict ourselves to relying only on our own will, or on the probabilities which make our action possible. If I am counting on the arrival of a friend, I presuppose that their train will be on time. But I am still among possibilities, outside my own field of action. No God, no intention, is going to alter the world to my will. In the end, Descartes meant the same, that we must act without hope. Marxists have answered Your action is limited by your death, but you can rely on others to later take up your deeds and carry them forward to the revolution. To this I rejoin that I cannot know where the revolution will lead. Others may come and establish Fascism. Does that mean that I must give up myself to quietism? No! Quietism is the attitude of people who say: let others do what I cannot do. The doctrine that I present is precisely the opposite: there is reality only in the action; and more, man is nothing other than his own project and exists only in as far as he carries it out. From this we see why our ideas so often cause horror. Many people have but one resource to sustain them in their misery; to think, circumstances were against me, I was worthy of better. I had no great love because I never met anyone worthy of me. I wrote no great book because I 3 had no time. I am filled with a crowd of possibilities greater than anyone could guess from my few achievements. But in reality, for the existentialist, there is no love other than that which is built, no artistic genius other than in works of art. The genius of Proust is the works of Proust. A man engages in his own life, draws his own portrait, there is nothing more. This is hard for somebody who has not made a success of life. But it is only reality that counts, not dreams, expectations or hopes. What people reproach us for here is not our pessimism, but the sternness of our optimism. If people reproach our writings, it is not because we describe humanity as frail and sometimes frankly bad, but because, unlike Zola whose characters are shown to be products of heredity or environment, you cannot say of ours That is what we are like, no one can do anything about it. The existentialist portrays a coward as one who makes himself a coward by his actions, a hero who makes himself heroic. Some still reproach us for confining man within his individual subjectivity. But there is no other starting-point than the I think, I am the absolute truth of consciousness, a simple truth within reach of everyone and the only theory which gives man the dignity of not being a mere object. All materialisms treat men as objects, no different in their being bundles of determined reactions than a table or a chair or a stone. We want to constitute a human kingdom of values distinct from the material world. Contrary to the philosophy of Descartes, contrary to the philosophy of Kant, we are discovering in the cogito not just ourselves but all others. We discover an intersubjective world where each man has to decide what he is and what others are. It is not possible to find in each man the universal essence called human nature, but there is a human universality of condition. Any purpose, even that of the Chinese, or the idiot or the child can be understood by a European, given enough information. In this sense, there is a universality of man; but it is not a given, it is something perpetually re-built. That does not entirely refute the charge of subjectivism. People tax us with anarchy; they say that you cannot judge others, because you have no reason to prefer one project to another. You give with one hand what you pretend to receive from the other. Let us say that moral choice is comparable to a work of art. Do we reproach the artist who makes a painting without starting from laid-down rules? Did we tell him what he must paint? There is no pre-defined picture, and no-none can say what the painting of tomorrow should be; one can judge only one at a time. 4 Amongst morals, the creative situation is the same, and just as the works of, say, Picasso, have consequences, so do our moral judgements. That student who came to me could not appeal to any system for guidance; he was obliged to invent the law for himself. We define man only through his engagement, so it is absurd to reproach us for the consequences of a choice. But it is not entirely true that we cannot judge others. We can judge whether choices are founded on truth or error, and we can judge a mans sincerity. The man who hides behind the excuse of his passions or of some deterministic doctrine, is a self-deceiver. And what if I wish to deceive myself? there is no reason why you should not, but I declare publicly that you are doing so. We will freedom for the sake of freedom. And through it we discover that our freedom depends entirely on the freedom of others, and that their freedom depends on ours. Those who hide their freedom behind deterministic excuses, I will call cowards. Those who pretend that their own existence was necessary, I will call scum. To the objection that You receive with one hand what you give with the other, that is, your values are not serious, since you choose them, I answer that, I am sorry, but having removed God the Father, one needs somebody to invent values. Things have to be taken as they are. One has reproached me ridiculing a type of humanism in Nausea, and now suggesting that existentialism is a form of humanism. The absurd type of humanism is to glory in Man the magnificent ascribing to all men the value of the deeds of the most distinguished men. Only a dog or a horse would be in a position to declare such a judgement. We cannot, either, fall into worshipping humanity, for that way leads to Fascism. But there is another humanism, the acceptance that there is only one universe, the universe of human subjectivity. Existentialism is not despair. It declares rather that even if God did exist, it would make no difference. 5.

Microsoft Hidden Files Essay example -- essays research papers

Introduction: There are folders on your computer that Microsoft has tried hard to keep secret. Within these folders you will find two major things: Microsoft Internet Explorer has been logging all of the sites you have ever visited -- even after you've cleared your history, and Microsoft's Outlook Express has been logging all of your e-mail correspondence -- even after you've erased them from your Deleted Items bin. (This also includes all incoming and outgoing file attachments.) And believe me, that's not even the half of it. When I say these files are hidden well, I really mean it. If you don't have any knowledge of DOS then don't plan on finding these files on your own. I say this because these files/folders won't be displayed in Windows Explorer at all -- only DOS. (Even after you have enabled Windows Explorer to "view all files.") And to top it off, the only way to find them in DOS is if you knew the exact location of them. Basically, what I'm saying is if you didn't know the files existed then the chances of you running across them is slim to slimmer. It's interesting to note that Microsoft does not explain this behavior adequately at all. Just try searching on microsoft.com.I know there are some people out there that are already aware of some of the things I mention. I also know that most people are not. The purpose of this tutorial is teach people what is really going on with Microsoft's products and how to take control of their privacy again. This tutorial was written by me, so if you see a mistake somewhere then it is my mistake, and I apologize. Thanks for reading. INDEX: 1) DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS 2) WHY YOU SHOULD ERASE THESE FILES 3) HOW TO ERASE THE FILES ASAP 3.1) If You Own Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.2) Clearing Your Registry 3.3) If You Own Outlook Express 3.4) Slack files 3.5) Keeping Microsoft's Products 4) STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE THROUGH YOUR HIDDEN FILES (For the savvy.) 1. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS Well, the best definition I have been able to come up with is the following: I) A "really hidden" file/folder is one that cannot be seen in Windows Explorer after enabling it to "view all files," and cannot be seen in MS-DOS after receiving a proper directory listing from root. a) There is at least one loophole to enabling Windows Explorer to see ... ...de. ME users use a bootdisk.) Note that you must restart to DOS because windows has locked down some of the files and they can only be accessed in real DOS mode. 3) Type this in at prompt: CDWINDOWSTEMPOR~1CONTENT.IE5 CD %alphanumeric% (replace the "%alphanumeric%" with the first name that you just wrote down.) DIR/P The cache files you are now looking at are directly responsible for the mysterious erosion of HD space you may have been noticing. One thing particularly interesting is the ability to view some your old e-mail if you happen to have a hotmail account. (Oddly, I've only been able to retreive hotmail e-mail, and not e-mail from my other web-based e-mail accounts. Send me your experiences with this.) To see them for yourself you must first copy them into another directory and then open them with your browser. Don't ask me why this works. A note about these files: These are your cache files that help speed up your internet browsing. It is quite normal to use this cache system, as every major browser does. On the other hand. It isn't normal for some cache files to be left behined after you have instructed your browser to erase it.

Explain the psychological basis for well-being Essay

The literal meaning of Psychology from its Greek Etymology is â€Å"study of the soul†. A more contemporary definition from Chambers Dictionary is â€Å"science of the mind† or â€Å"the study of mind and behavior†. A fuller description is offered by the NHS â€Å"Psychology is a science based profession and is the study of people; how they think, how they act, react and interact. It is concerned with all aspects of behaviour and the thoughts, feelings and motivation underlying them†. The idea that there is a connection between the mind and well being can be traced back to Greek philosophers in the 4th Century BC. The Physician Hippocrates theorized that mental disorders were of a physical (rather than divine) nature. Aristotle investigated psychological phenomena in De Anima and a loosely related collection of short works called the Parva Naturalia It seems that early Greek Philosophers appreciated that a specialist study of the soul/mind could help the physician and natural scientist to better understand human physical existence. Psychology largely remained as a subset of Philosophy from it’s Greek origins through to the late 16th Century when the latin word ‘psychologia’ emerged in Germany in relation to a separate science of investigation and understanding of the mind.In 1694 the French Philosopher Rene Descartes published â€Å"The Passion of the Soul†. It introduced the idea of dualism, which asserted that the mind and body were two separate entities that interact to form the human experience. This publication directly influenced scientists such as the physician Steven Blankaart (1650 – 1704) to develop Empiricism within his scientific research and who is also credited as being the first author to use the English word Psychology. Psychology developed rapidly during the 20th Century and established many new disciplines such as Psycho Analysis, Behaviorism, Personal, Developmental, Humanist and Cognitive. The work of Sigmund Freud and his controversial model of Psychoanalysis exerted significant influence on the development of 20th Century Psychology, and in particular the Development and Personality Theorists. The Psychological theories that this essay will examine in detail arise from 2 different disciplines: Humanist Psychology – Abraham Maslow ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ Unit M2c 1.3 Developmental Psychology – Erik Erikson â€Å"Psychosocial Development† A brief review of Elizabeth Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief is also included. This essay accepts the definition of wellbeing contained within health and social care standards:- â€Å"a subjective stage of being content and healthy†. Psychologists generally agree that wellbeing is multi-faceted and made up of a number of components including Social, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual, Psychological, Physical, and Environmental. The value of the selected Psychological theories is that they bring a conceptual framework for understanding human development and personal growth from both Social and needsbased perspective. They provide, by implication, some ideas to hypothesize about a service users behavior in particular situations. This idea will be explored further at a later point in this essay. It’s important, however, to appreciate the limit to ones skill and not use a modest knowledge about Psychological Theory to ‘diagnose‘ a service user. Children’s Services has access to specialists such as Child Psychologists and sometimes a ref erral will be the most appropriate and safest decision to take. According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions and behaviours are motivated in order achieve certain needs. Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation† and his subsequent book Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. This hierarchy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential. Types of Needs Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs (also known as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. Maslow termed the highest-level of the pyramid as growth needs (also known as being needs or B-needs). Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. Physiological Needs These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. Security Needs These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment. Social Needs These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. Maslow described these  needs as less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community, or religious groups. Esteem Needs After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment. Self-actualizing Needs This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential. Maslow subsequently revised his model to include stages of Cognitive and Aesthetic need that precede Self Actualization; and Transcendence that follows Self Actualization. While the theory is generally portrayed as a fairly rigid hierarchy, Maslow noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow this standard progression. For example, he notes that for some individuals, the need for self-esteem is more important than the need for love. For others, the need for creative fulfillment may supersede even the most basic needs. Whilst Maslow’s theory is subject to criticism due to a lack of scientific basis, it is still a popular model within Psychology and other fields such as Education. Regardless of the criticisms, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs represents part of an important shift in Psychology. Rather than focusing on abnormal behavior and development, Maslow’s humanistic Psychology was focused on the development of healthy individuals. Returning to the definition of wellbeing, it can be seen that Maslow has provided a model that recognizes and values the actuality of Social, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual, Psychological, Physical, and Environmental needs and concerns. The relevance of this model to Social Care is that it separates out individual needs from the usual age-related development models such as Attachment Theory, and Psychodynamic models of Personality Development. It provides the practitioner with a simple tool to review the care that is being planned or provided for any age service user. For example – do we know that the service user has all of their physiological needs met? Can we be certain they have enough food to eat and somewhere appropriate to sleep? Do we know that their basic drives to eat, drink, sleep and excrete are all working normally? If the answer is YES – the practitioner can move up the pyramid and consider the service users safety needs. If the answer is NO – the immediate priority will to arrange basic physiological needs before considering anything else. This is certainly the experience of Camilla Batmanghelidj, CEO of the highly respected charity Kids Company, who understands that all children need love, food, safety and warmth before expecting them to do anything else. A practitioner experienced in working with Looked After Children will recognize that Esteem Needs are frequently an influence within the young person. It is widely recognised that LAC have low levels of self esteem and self confidence which in turn impact on t heir Cognitive (Academic) experiences. Maslow provides a very useful model to  establish Outcomes related to Social needs in order to create a stronger foundation for Esteem needs. Maslow, in this respect, chimes with common sense. How can we expect a young person to do well academically if they have low self esteem and do not feel loved and valued in their social world? Maslow clearly demonstrates that wellbeing has a Psychological basis and provides the practitioner with a model to develop positive outcomes for individuals. Erik Erikson – Psychosocial Development. Also known as the 8 stages of Development. Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. When psychologists talk about identity, they are referring to all of the beliefs, ideals, and values that help shape and guide a person’s behavior. The formation of identity is something that begins in childhood and becomes particularly important during adolescence, but it is a process that continues throughout life. Our personal identity gives each of us an integrated and cohesive sense of self that endures and continues to grow as we age. In addition to ego identity, Erikson also believed that a sense of competence motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which is sometimes referred to as  ego strength or ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy. In each stage, Erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. In Erikson’s view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Erikson’s stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Erikson believed that the stages of a person’s development are linked to their social and cognitive development rather then being purely led by their physical needs. He was also interested in how the culture and society an individual lives in could influence their development.The following table, sourced from summarises the 8 Developmental Stages; the Basic Conflict that is to be mastered; Important Events of the Stage; and the potential Outcomes. One enduring value of Erikson’s theory is that it illuminates why individuals who have been thwarted in the healthy resolution of early phases (such as in learning healthy levels of trust and autonomy in toddlerhood) can experience such difficulty when the same Basic Conflict arises at later developmental stages. This is very apparent to practitioners working with Looked After Children who have been badly let down by care givers in their first years of life. There is frequently an issue of mistrust towards an individual practitioner and the entire service that is providing their care and support. It is widely recognized that the trust that may have taken weeks to establish can be lost in an instant. Erikson’s theory can provide an insight into the behavior of service users. For example disruptive behavior linked to new social or academic situations may indicate earlier issues in the Industry/Inferiority Stage. The skillful practitioner may wish to be mindful to always encourage and commend the young person for their accomplishments and abilities and ensure that colleagues and teachers are also involved in this process. The purpose will be to help the young person to develop a belief in their own competence rather than continue to feel a failure and inferior. Erikson’s theory also provides a useful guide to assess caring practices in terms of their ability to nurture and facilitate healthy emotional and cognitive development. Erikson clearly demonstrates that wellbeing has a Psychological basis and provides the practitioner with a model to develop positive outcomes for individuals. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross was a Swiss American medical practitioner and psychiatrist. She was a pioneer in near death studies and the author of a ground breaking book ‘On Death and Dying’ (first published 1969). The book discussed her theory of 5 Stages of Grief. Kubler-Ross was born in 1926 and died in 2004. The 5 stages of grief is a hypothesis which argues that when a person is faced with the reality of impending death or other extreme, awful fate, he or she will experience a series of emotional stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. The stages are popularly known by the acronym DABDA. The hypothesis was inspired by her work  with terminally ill patients. Motivated by the lack of curriculum in medical schools, at the time, addressing the subject of death and dying, Kubler-Ross  started a project about death when she became an instructor at the University of Chicago’s medical school. This evolved into a series of seminars; those interviews, along with her previous research, led to her book. Her work revolutionized how the U.S. medical field took care of the terminally ill. In the decades since her book’s publication, Kubler-Ross’ concept has become largely accepted by the general public; however, its validity has yet to be consistently sup ported by the majority of research studies that have examined it. Kà ¼bler-Ross noted that these stages are not meant to be a complete list of all possible emotions that could be felt, and, they can occur in any order. Her hypothesis holds that not everyone who experiences a life-threatening/-altering event feels all five of the responses, as reactions to personal losses of any kind are as unique as the person experiencing them. The 5 stages include: Denial — â€Å"I feel fine.†; â€Å"This can’t be happening, not to me.† Denial is usually only a temporary defense for the individual. This feeling is generally replaced with heightened awareness of possessions and individuals that will be left behind after death. Denial can be conscious or unconscious refusal to accept facts, information, or the reality of the situation. Denial is a defense mechanism and some people can become locked in this stage. Kubler Ross recommends that family members and health professionals not prolong denial by distorting the truth about the person’s condition. In doing so, they prevent the dying person from adjusting to impending death and hinder necessary arrangements, for social supports, for bringing closure, and for making decisions about medical interventions. Anger — â€Å"Why me? It’s not fair!†; â€Å"How can this happen to me?†; ‘†Who is to blame?† Once in the second stage, the individual recognizes that denial cannot continue. Because of anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to misplaced feelings of rage and envy. Anger can manifest itself in different ways. People can be angry with themselves, or with others, and especially those who are close to them. It is important to remain detached and nonjudgmental when dealing with a person experiencing anger from grief. Bargaining — â€Å"I’ll do anything for a few more years.†; â€Å"I will give my life savings if†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow postpone or delay death. Usually, the negotiation for an extended life is made with a higher power in exchange for a reformed lifestyle. Psychologically, the individual is saying, â€Å"I understand I will die, but if I could just do something to buy more time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  People facing less serious trauma can bargain or seek to negotiate a compromise. For example â€Å"Can we still be friends?..† when facing a break-up. Bargaining rarely provides a sustainable solution, especially if it’s a matter of life or death. Depression — â€Å"I’m so sad, why bother with anything?†; â€Å"I’m going to die soon so what’s the point?†; â€Å"I miss my loved one, why go on?† During the fourth stage, the grieving person begins to understand the certainty of death. Because of this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and grieving. This process allows the dying person to disconnect from things of love and affection. It is not recommended to attempt to cheer up an individual who is in this stage. It is an important time for grieving that must be processed. Depression could be referred to as the dress rehearsal for the ‘aftermath’. It is a kind of acceptance with emotional attachment. It’s natural to feel sadness, regret, fear, and uncertainty when going through this stage. Feeling those emotions shows that the person has begun to accept the situation. Acceptance — â€Å"It’s going to be okay.†; â€Å"I can’t fight it, I may as well prepare for it.† In this last stage, individuals begin to come to terms with their mortality, or that of a loved one, or other tragic event. This stage varies according to the person’s situation. People dying can enter this stage a long time before the people they leave behind, who must pass through their own individual stages of dealing with the grief. Kà ¼bler-Ross originally developed this model based on her observations of  people suffering from terminal illness. She later expanded her theory to apply to any form of catastrophic personal loss, such as the death of a loved one, the loss of a job or income, major rejection, the end of a relationship or divorce, or drug addiction. Supporting her theory, many (both sufferers and therapists) have reported the usefulness of the Kà ¼bler-Ross Model in a wide variety of situations where people were experiencing a signiï ¬ cant loss. The application of the theory is intended to help the sufferer to fully resolve each stage, then help them transition to the next – at the appropriate time – rather than getting stuck in a particular phase or continually bouncing around from one unresolved phase to another. The subsections below give a few speciï ¬ c examples of how the model can be applied in different situations. These are just some of the many beneï ¬ ts that Kà ¼ bler-Ross hoped her model would provide. The value of the Kubler-Ross Model for the social care practitioner is, as with Ericsson and Maslow, to provide a useful framework to to better understand the behavior and emotional reality of a service user. Furthermore, it is intended to be a collaborative model that the practitioner and the service user can discuss together. Conclusion All of the Theories demonstrate that wellbeing has a Psychological basis. They each demonstrate that â€Å"a subjective stage of being content and healthy† is related to the history of a person’s life and their current situation. They provide the creative practitioner with a framework to better understand the behavior of a service user and are therefore better equipped to consider their immediate and long term care to ensure positive outcomes. Bibliography http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/explore-by-career/psychological-therapies/careers-inpsychological-therapies/psychologist/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arist otle-psychology/#7 http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Krstic/marulic.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/historyofpsychology/a/psychistory.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/u/psychology-theories.htm http://www.ekrfoundation.org/five-stages-of-grief/